332 REFERENCES Al-Qur’an. Abdel Haleem, M. A. S. 2005. The Qur’an: A New Translation. New York: Oxford University Press. Abdul-Raof, H. 2004. “The Qur’an: Limits of translatability” in Cultural encounters in translation from Arabic. S. Faiq (ed.). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. pp. 91–106. Akdogan, C. 2008. Science in Islam and the West. Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, IIUM. Angelo, J. A. 2009. Encyclopaedia of space and astronomy. New York: InfoBase Publishing. Al-Albani, M. N. n.d. Silsilat Al-Ahadith Al-Sahihah wa Shay’ min Fiqhiha. Maktabat Al-Maʿarif. Al-Albani, M. N. 1987. Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah. Maktab Al-Tarbiyyah Al-ʿArabi li- Duwal Al-Khalij. Al-Albani, M. N. 1988. Sahih Al-Jamiʿ Al-Saghir wa Ziyadatuh. Z. Al-Shawish (ed.). Beirut: Al-Maktab Al-Islami. Al-Albani, M. N. 1988. Sahih Sunan Al-Tirmidhi. Z. Al-Shawish (ed.). Maktab Al- Tarbiyyah Al-ʿArabi li-Duwal Al-Khalij. Al-Albani, M. N. 1989. Sahih Sunan Al-Nasa’i. Maktab Al-Tarbiyyah Al-ʿArabi li- Duwal Al-Khalij. Al-Albani, M. N. 1989. Sahih Sunan Abi Dawud. Maktab Al-Tarbiyyah Al-ʿArabi li- Duwal Al-Khalij. Al-Albani, M. N. 1991. Daʿif Sunan Al-Tirmidhi. Z. Al-Shawish (ed.). Beirut: Al- Maktab Al-Islami. Al-Albani, M. N. 1994. Sahih Al-Adab Al-Mufrad li Al-Imam Al-Bukhari. Dar Al- Siddiq. Al-Albani, M. N. 2000. Sahih Al-Targhib wa Al-Tarhib li Al-Mundhiri. Maktabat Al-Maʿarif. Al-Asfahani, R. 2009. Mufradat Alfaz Al-Qur’an. 4th edition. S. A. Dawudi (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Qalam. Al-ʿAsiri, A. M. 1996. Mujaz Al-Tarikh Al-Islami. Dammam: King Fahd National Library.   333 Al-Baghawi, H. M. 1989. Tafsir Al-Baghawi: Maʿalim Al-Tanzil. M. Al-Namr, O. Jumʿah & S. Al-Harash (ed.). Riyadh: Dar Taybah. Al-Bayhaqī, A. H. 1971. Manāqib Al-Shāfiʿī. S. A. Saqr (ed.). Egypt: Dar Al-Turath. Al-Bukhari, M. I. 1980. Al-Jamiʿ Al-Sahih Al-Musnad min Hadith Rasulillah wa Sunanihi wa Ayyamihi. M. Al-Khatib (ed.). Cairo: Al-Maktabah Al- Salafiyyah. Al-Duri, A. 1997. Al-ʿAsr Al-ʿAbbasi Al-Awwal: Dirasah fi Al-Tarikh Al-Siyasi wa Al-Idari wa Al-Mali. 3rd edition. Beirut: Dar Al-Taliʿah li Al-Tibaʿah wa Al- Nashr. Al-Faqihi, A. N. n.d. Al-Bidʿah: Ḍawābituhā wa Athāruhā Al-Sayī’ah fī Al-Ummah. Al-Ghazali, M. 1998. Mukashafat Al-Qulub. S. ʿUwaydah (ed.). Cairo: Dar Al- Manar. Al-Ghazali, M. M. 2005. Ihya’ ʿUlum Al-Din. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Al-Hammadi, A. 1996. Sharārat Al-Ibdaʿ. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm. Al-Hazimi, A. S. 2016. Tarbiyat Al-Fard Nawat li-Taghiir Al-Ummah wa Al-Ruqi Biha. < http://Alukah.net>. accessed: 5 November 2018. Al-Hummadah, F. Kh. 2012. “Ibn Abī Al-Dunyā muḥaddithan wa muṣliḥan” in Mawsuʿat Ibn Abi Al-Dunya. Riyadh: Dar Atlas Al-Khadra’. Vol. 1. pp. 1–576. Al-ʿIsh, Y. 1977. Muhadarat fi Tarikh Al-khilafah Al-Islamiyyah. Damascus: Damascus University press. Al-Jawhari, Abu ʿAl-Abbas n.d. Al-Ṣaḥḥāḥ fi Al-Lughah. . accessed: 4 October 2015. Al-Jawziyyah, M. n.d. Kitab Al-Ruh. M. Al-Islahi & K. Qalami (ed.). Jeddah: International Islamic Fiqh Academy. Al-Jiʿaid, S. M. 2008. Al-Tarbiyah Al-Usariyyah fi Dawu’ Kitab Al-ʿIyal li Al-Hafiz Ibn Abi Al-Dunya wa Tatbiqatuha al-Tarbawiyyah. KSA: Umm Al-Qura University. Al-Jurjani, A. n.d. Muʿjam Al-Taʿrifat. M. Al-Manshawi (ed.). Egypt: Dar Al- Fadilah. Al-Kalabadhi, M. n.d. Al-Taʿarruf li-Madhhab Ahl Al-Tasawwuf. Beirut: Dar Al- Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.   334 Al-Karasneh, S. M. & Saleh, A. M. 2010. “Islamic Perspective of Creativity: A Model for Teachers of Social Studies as Leaders”. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 2. December. pp. 412–426. Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, A. A. 1996. Al-Jamiʿ li-Akhlaq Al-Rawi wa Adab Al-Samiʿ. 3rd edition. M. ʿA. Al-Khatib (ed.). Beirut: Mu’assasat Al-Risalah. Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, A. A. 2001. Tarīkh Baghdad or Tarikh Madinat Al-Salam. Vol. 1–17. B. A. Maʿruf (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami. Al-Kutbī, M. S. 1973. Fawāt Al-Wafayāt. Vol. 1–4. I. ʿAbbas (ed.). Beirut: Dar Sadir. Al-Lubani, I. I. 2009. Al-Iʿjaz Al-Qur’ani fi Al-Taʿamul maʿa Al-Nafs Al- Bashariyyah. Amman: Dar Al-Ma’mun. Al-Mawdudi, A. 2010. Islamic Concept of Spirituality. . accessed: 15 August 2015. Al-Mazidi, Z. M. 1993. Muqaddimah fī Manhaj Al-Ibdāʿ: Ru’yah Islamiyyah. Egypt: Dar Al-Wafa’. Al-Mizzi, Y. A. 1980. Tahdhib Al-Kamal fi Asma’ Al-Rijal. Vol. 1–35. B. A. Maʿruf (ed.). Beirut: Mu’assasat Al-Risalah. Al-Mundhiri, Z. ʿA. 2000. Al-Targhib wa Al-Tarhib. M. Al-Sayyid (ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Fajr li Al-Turath. Al-Nadwi, T. 1994. Al-Imam Al-Bukhari. 4th edition. Damascus: Dar Al-Qalam. Al-Qurtubi, M. 1964. Al-Jamiʿ li Ahkam Al-Qur’an. A. Al-Barduni & I. Atfish (ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Misriyyah. Al-Razi, M. 1999. Al-Tafsir Al-Kabir/Mafatih Al-Ghayb. 3rd edition. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ Al-Turath Al-ʿArabi. Al-Saʿdi, A. N. 2000. Tafsir Al- Saʿdi. A. Allwaihiq (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al- Risalah. Al-Saʿdi, A. N. 2002. Taysir Al-Karim Al-Rahman fi Tafsir Kalam Al-Mannan. 2nd edition. A. Al-Luwaihiq (ed.). Riyadh: Dar Al-Salam. Al-Sharif, M. M. 2003. Al-Amn Al-Nafsi. KSA: Dar Al-Andalus Al-Khadra’. Al-­‐Siuti, ʿA. n.d. Al-Jamiʿ Al-Saghir fi Ahadith Al-Bashir Al-Nadhir. Beirut: Dar Al- Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Al-Subki, T. A. 1976. Tabaqat Al-Shafiʿiyyah Al-Kubra. ʿA. Al-Hilu & M. Al-Tanahi (ed.). Cairo: Matbaʿat ʿIsa Al-Halabi.   335 Al-Tabari, M. J. 2001. Tafsir Al-Tabari. ʿA. Al-Turki (ed.). Egypt: Dar Hajar. Al-Dhahabi, S. 1955. Tadhkirat Al-Huffaz. Vols. 1–4. A. Al-Muʿallimi (ed.). India: Dar Al-Maʿarif Al-ʿUthmaniyyah. Al-Dhahabi, S. 1985. Siyar Aʿlam Al-Nubala’. Vol. 1–25. Sh. Al-Arna’ut (ed.). Beirut: Mu’assasat Al-Risalah. Al-Dhahabi, S. 2004. Tahdhib Tahdhib Al-Kamal. Vol. 1–11. G. ʿAbbas, A. Salamah & others (ed.). Cairo: Al-Faruq Al-Hadithah. Al-Tirmidhi, M. ʿI. n.d. Al-Jamiʿ Al-Sahih (Sunan Al-Tirmidhi). A. M. Shakir (ed.). Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Al-ʿUmari, A. D. 1985. Mawarid Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi. Riyadh: Dar Taybah. Bellamy, J. A. 1963. “The Makarim Al-Akhlaq by Ibn Abi Al-Dunya: A Preliminary Study”. The Muslim World. pp. 106–119. Brauer, R. W. 1995. Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society. pp. 7–10. Ghauri, M. T. 2009. “Purification of Soul in Islamic Perspective: A Comparative Study of Islamic Concept of Tazkiyah with Monasticism”. The Dialogue. Vol. IV. (3): pp. 301–326. Goldschmidt, A. 2002. A Concise History of the Middle East. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Gregorian, V. 2003. Islam: A Mosaic not a Monolith. Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Harold F. Jr. & Michael D. (ed.). 1994. Motivation: Theory and Research. New York & London: Routledge. Hasan, I. H. 1996. Tarikh Al-Islam Al-Siyasi wa Al-Dini wa Al-Thaqafi wa Al- Ijtimaʿi. Beirut: Dar Al-Jil & Cairo: Maktabat Al-Nahdah Al-Masriyyah. Hawlader, M. N. A. & Muhammad Nurul Alam 2011, September 11–14. Training Students to develop Creative and Innovative Talents. Paper presented at the International Conference on Creativity and Innovation for Sustainable Development. International Islamic University Malaysia. Hmaidat, R. Ḥ. 1998. Al-Jawānib Al-Tarbawiyyah fī kitāb Al-ʿIyāl li Ibn Abī Al- Dunyā: Dirāsah wa Taḥlīl (Master Thesis). Jordan: Yarmouk University. Hoiberg, D. H. (ed.). 2010. Abbasid dynasty. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15th edition. US: Chicago, IL.   336 Huff, T. E. 2003. The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West. 2nd edition. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. n.d. Al-’Ikhlas wa Al-Niyyah. I. Al-Tabbaʿ (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Basha’ir Al-Islamiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. n.d. Islah Al-Mal. M. M. Al-Qudah (ed.). Cairo: Dar Al- Wafa’. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. n.d. Maka’id Al-Shaytan. . accessed: 25 November 2018. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. n.d. Makarim Al-Akhlaq. M. A. Ibrahim (ed.). Cairo: Maktabat Al-Qur’an. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. n.d. Al-Tahajjud wa Qiyam Al-Layl. M. Al-Saʿdani (ed.). Cairo: Maktabat Al-Qur’an. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. n.d. Al-Tawaduʿ wa Al-Khumul. L. Al-Saghir & N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Iʿtisam. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. n.d. Kitab Al-Tawbah. M. A. Ibrahim (ed.). Cairo: Maktabat Al-Qur’an. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1986. Al-Samt wa Adab Al-Lisan. N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1986. Muhasabat Al-Nafs wa Al-Izra’ ʿAlayha. M. Abi Hurayrah & M. ʿawad (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1987. Al-Tawakkul ʿAla Allah. J. Al-Dousari (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Basha’ir Al-Islamiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1988. Dham Al-Baghi. N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Riyadh: Dar Al-Rayah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1988. Al-Ikhwan. M. A. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1988. Kitab Al-Waraʿ. M. Al-Hmud (ed.). Kuwait: Al-Dar Al-Salafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1990. Al-Ishraf fi Manazil Al-Ashraf. N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Riyadh: Maktabat Al-Rushd. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1990. Al-Rida ʿan Allah bi Qada’ih. D. Al-Silafi (ed.). Bombay: Al-Dar Al-Salafiyyah.   337 Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1991. Al-Ham wa Al-Huzn. M. F. Al-Sayyid (ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Salam. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1991. Al-Marad wa Al-Kaffarat. A. Al-Nadawi (ed.). Bombay: Al-Dar Al-Salafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1992. Dham Al-Muskir. Y. Al-Sawwas (ed.). Damascus: Dar Al-Basha’ir. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1992. Al-ʿUmr wa Al-Shayb. N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Riyadh: Maktabat Al-Rushd. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Al-Awliya’. H. Muhammad & M. Zaghlul (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Al-Faraj baʿd Al-Shiddah. M. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Al-Ghibah wa Al-Namimah. M. A. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Al-Hulum. M. A. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al- Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Al-Iʿtibar wa Aʿqab Al-Surur wa Al-Ahzan. N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Amman: Dar Al-Bashir. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Husn Al-Zan bi-llah. ʿA. Shanuhah (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Kitab Al-Ahwal. M. F. Al-Sayyid (ed.). Cairo: Maktabat Al-Yasir. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Kitab Al-Qanaʿah wa Al-Taʿaffuf. M. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Kitab Al-Yaqin. M. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al- Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Qada’ Al-Hawa’ij. M. A. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1993. Dham Al-Dunya. M. A. ʿAta (ed.). Beirut: Mu’ssasat Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1995. Qisar Al-Amal. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm.   338 Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1995. Dham Al-Malahi. ʿA. Salim (ed.). Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Taymiyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1996. Al-ʿUqubat. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Al-ʿUzlah wa Al-Infirad. M. Al Salman (ed.). Riyadh: Dar Al-Watan li Al-Nashr wa Al-Tawziʿ. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Al-Muhtadirin. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Al-Mutamannin. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Al-Sabr wa Al-Thawab ʿAlayh. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Al-Wajal wa Al-Tawaththuq bi-lʿamal. M. Al Salman (ed.). Riyadh: Dar Al-Watan li Al-Nashr wa Al-Tawziʿ. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Kalam Al-Layali wa Al-Ayyam li-Ibn Adam. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Kitāb Al-ʿIyāl. N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Egypt: Dar Al- Wafa’. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Kitāb Al-Amr bi Al-Maʿruf wa Al-Nahi ʿan Al- Munkar. S. Al-Shalahi (ed.). KSA: Maktabat Al-Ghuraba’ Al-Athariyyah. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Sifat Al-Jannah. ʿA. ʿAl-Asaslah & N. ʿA. Khalaf (ed.). Amman: Dar Al-Bashir. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1997. Sifat Al-Nar. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1998. Al-Riqqah wa Al-Buka’. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 1998. Mudarat Al-Nas. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 2000. Al-Juʿ. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 2000. Al-Qubur. T. M. Al-ʿAmudi (ed.). KSA: Maktabat Al-Ghuraba’ Al-Athariyyah.   339 Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 2002. Istinaʿ Al-Maʿruf. M. Kh. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 2002. Dhikr Al-Mawt. M. Al Salman (ed.). Ajman: Maktabat Al-Furqan. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 2008. Shortening Long Hopes. M. H. Al-Azhari (trans.). Nottingham: The Invitation Publications. Ibn Abi Al-Dunya, A. M. 2016. The Restoration of Wealth [Islah Al-Mal]. N. M. Lock & A. Setia (ed.). Kuala Lumpur: IBFIM. Ibn Abi Hatim, A. 1952. Al-Jarh wa Al-Taʿdil. India: Da’irat Al-Maʿarif Al- ʿUthmaniyyah. Ibn Al-Jawzi, J. n.d. Al-Yaqutah: Mawaʿiz Ibn Al-Jawzi. . accessed: 20 November 2018. Ibn Al-Jawzi, J. 1992. Al-Muntazam fi Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk. Vol. 1–19. M. A. Ata & M. A. Ata (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Ibn Al-Jawzi, J. 2012. Sifat Al-Safwah. Kh. Tartusi (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al- ʿArabi. Ibn Al-Nadim, M. 1997. Al-Fihrist. I. Ramadan (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Maʿrifah. Ibn Faris, A. n.d. Maqāyīs Al-Lughah. . accessed: 12 October 2015. Ibn Hajar Al-ʿAsqalani, A. ʿA. 1908. Tahdhib Al-Tahdhib. Vol. 1–12. India: Da’irat Al-Ma’arif Al-Nizamiyyah. Ibn Hajar Al-ʿAsqalani, A. ʿA. 2001. Fath Al-Bari bi-Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari. ʿA. Sh. Al-Hamad (ed.). Riyadh: special print. Ibn Hajar Al-ʿAsqalani, A. A. 2001. Takhrij Mishkat Al-Masabih. ʿA. H. Al-Halabi (ed.). Dammam: Dar Ibn Al-Qayyim. Ibn Kathir, I. O. 1986. Al-Bidayah wa Al-Nihayah. Vol. 1–15. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr. Ibn Kathir, I. 1998. Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Azim. M. Shams Al-Din (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Ibn Kathir, I. O. 2016. Tafsir Ibn Kathir. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Ibn Manzur, M. M. n.d. Lisan Al-ʿArab. . accessed: 9 September 2015.   340 Ibn Qayyim, M. 2003. Madarij Al-Salikin. 7th edition. M. Al-Baghdadi (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-ʿArabi. Ibn Qayyim, M. 2003. Al-Wabil Al-Sayyib wa Rafiʿ Al-Kalim Al-Tayyib. H. Ahmad (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm. Ibn Qayyim, M. 2011. Ighathat Al-Lahfan min Masa’id Al-Shaytan. M. Shams & M. Saʿid (ed.). Mecca: Dar ʿalam Al-Fawa’id. Ibn Rajab, Z. 2008. Jamiʿ Al-ʿUlum wa Al-Hikam. M. Y. Al-Fahl (ed.). Damascus, Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathir. Ibn Taghri Bardi, Y. n.d. Al-Nujum Al-zahirah fi Muluk Misr wa Al-Qahirah. Vol. 1– 16. Egypt: Dar Al-Kutub. Ibn Taymiyyah, T. A. 1994. Tazkiyat Al-Nafs. M. Al-Qahtani (ed.). Riyadh: Dar Al- Muslim. Ibn Taymiyyah, T. A. 1995. Majmuʿ Al-Fatawa. A. Muhammad (ed.). KSA: King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an. Ibn Taymiyyah, T. A. 2005. Al-Tuhfah Al-ʿIraqiyyah fi Aʿmal Al-Qulub. A. ʿAbd Al- Salam (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah. Ibn Taymiyyah, T. A. 2007. Al-Furqan Bayn Awliya’ Al-Rahman wa Awliya’ Al- Shaytan. A. Al-Yahya (ed.). Riyadh: Maktabat Dar Al-Minhaj. Islam, A. 2011. “The contribution of Muslims to Science During the Middle Abbasid Period (750–945)”. Revelation and Science. Vol. 1. (1): pp. 39–56 Kasule, O. H. 2001. Purification of the Self [Tazkiyat Al-Nafs]. . accessed: 9 August 2015. Kaufmann, G. 2003. “What to Measure? A New Look at the Concept of Creativity”. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. Vol. 47. (3): August. pp. 235– 251. Kerr, B. (ed.). 2009. Encyclopedia of Giftedness, Creativity, and Talent. USA: SAGE Publications. Kinberg, L. 1994. Morality in the Guise of Dreams: A Critical Edition of Kitab Al- Manam by Ibn Abi Al-Dunya with Introduction. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Lee, S. T. 1999. Greek Rhetoric and Philosophy in Medieval Arabic culture: The State of the Research. In P. Carol & U. Richard (ed.), Discourses of Power: Grammar and Rhetoric in the Middle Ages (pp. 51–58). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.   341 Magnusson, M. & Goring, R. (ed.). 1990. “Abbasids”. Cambridge Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge. UK: Cambridge University Press. Madi, J. 2008. Fiqh Al-Nufus wa Tazkiyatuha fi Daw’ Al-Qur’an wa Al-Sunnah. Egypt: Dar Al-Daʿwah. Malkawi, F. H. 2009. Al-Tazkiyah fi Manzumat Al-Qiyam Al-Hakimah. Islamiyyat Al-Maʿrifah, 57, 5–12. Meri, J. W. (ed.). 2006. Medieval Islamic civilization: An encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge. Mu’nis, H. 1987. Atlas Tarikh Al-Islam. Cairo: Al-Zahra’ lil Iʿlam Al-ʿArabi. Muslim. M. 1955. Sahih Muslim. M. F. ʿAbd Al-Baqi (ed.). Dar Ihya’ Al-Kutub Al- ʿArabiyyah. Nicholson, R. A. 2010. A Literary History of the Arabs. New York: Cosimo Classics. Qutub, M. 1993. Manhaj Al-Tarbiyah Al-Islamiyyah. 14th edition. Beirut: Dar Al- Shuruq. Recknagel, C. 2004. World: Historian reveals incredible contributions of Muslim cartographers. . accessed: 15 November 2015. Robson, J. 1938. “Tracts on Listening to Music: Being Dhamm Al-Malahi and Bawariq Al-Ilmaʿ”. Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. 34. June. pp. 823–894. Runco, M. & Pritzker, S. (eds.) 1999. Encyclopedia of Creativity. USA: Academic Press. Picken, G. 2011. Spiritual Purification in Islam: The life and Works of Al-Muhasibi. I. Richard Netton (ed.). London and New York: Routledge. Sternberg, R. J. & Lubart, T. I. 1999. “The Concept of Creativity: Prospects and Paradigms” in Handbook of creativity. R. J. Sternberg (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–15. Taqqush, M. S. 2011. Al-Tarikh Al-Islami Al-Wajiz. 5th edition. Beirut: Dar Al- Nafa’is. Torrance, E. P., & Goff, K. 1989. “A Quiet Revolution”. Journal Of Creative Behavior. Vol. 23. (2): pp. 136–145. Al-Malini, A. M. 1997. Al-Arbaʿun fi Shuyukh Al-Sufiyyah lil-Malini. Sabri, ʿA. H (ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Basha’ir Al-Islamiyyah.   342 Saleh, M. I. 2011. Dictionary of Islamic words & expressions. 3rd edition. “Ikhlas”. Riyadh: Maktabat Darussalam. Sukkar, M. R. 2011. Al-Tawasul Al-Ijtimaʿi: Anwaʿuhu, Dawabituhu, Atharuhu wa Muʿawiqatuhu. (Master Thesis). Gaza: The Islamic University. Taylor, H. 2010. Fostering Creativity for Leadership and Leading Change. Columbia: Routledge. Utz, A. 2011. Psychology from the Islamic Perspective. Egypt: International Islamic Publishing House. Wehr, H. n.d. A dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. 3rd edition. J. M. Cowan (ed.). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Wilkinson, J. 2010. The Moon in Close-up. London, New York: Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht. Yusuf, W. 1999. Creativity in Islamic Thought: A Comparative Analysis. (Master Thesis). International Islamic University Malaysia. Zarabozo, J. M. 2002. Purification of the Soul: Concept, Process and Means. Denver, CO: Al-Basheer Publications & Translations. Zarabozo, J. 2009. A guide for the New Muslim. . accessed 5 September 2016. Zarif, M. M. & Nizah, M. A. & Ismail, A. & Mohamad, A. 2013. “Creating Creative and Innovative Muslim Society: Bidʿah as an Approach”. Asian Social Science. Vol. 9. (11): August. pp. 121–127.