2023 I-iECONS

The present study has been carried out using two types of beads which are CHT-ALG and KNF-CHT-ALG beads for the removal of Pb (II) ions. Among these two beads, KNF-CHT- ALG showed the highest adsorbent due to the availability of high surface roughness and large pores as examined in the FESEM analysis. Meanwhile, FTIR spectra has confirmed the existence of extra functional groups such as NH2, OH-, COO-, C-O, CO, and C-O-C in KNF-CHT-ALG which promoting Pb (II) ions to bind. The chitosan optimisation of the KNF-CHT-ALG beads also contributed to economical cost of the beads while maintaining the same performance of the metals removal. Clearly, from the research conducted, the KNF-CHT-ALG beads with ratio 0.6g:0.4g:0.6g for each material were found to be a suitable adsorbent for Pb (II) ions removal. The prime important is, the main part of the adsorbent which is KNF core is known to be a zero cost and abundantly available waste products that could serve as a practical means for metal ions adsorption such as at wastewater treatment plant. In the long term, this study is committed to targets for SDG 6 which is clean water and sanitation by 2030.