Under high impulse currents, an earthing system exhibits different impulse characteristics depending on the shape and/or design configuration of the earthing system. These characteristics have been seen to be different with respect to its steady-state as highlighted in many studies. Furthermore, in order to ascertain that a correct design of an electrical system is achieved, it is important to evaluate the impulse characteristics of the earthing system under high impulse conditions. So far little emphasis has been given in previous publications to investigate the characteristics of earthing systems under high impulse conditions by field measurements. For this reason, a rather efficient and reliable technique to solve this problem is by conducting a practical analysis (field experiment). This paper investigates the characteristics of a single rod electrode under high impulse conditions by field measurements under different polarities. The single rod is selected in this paper for its simple configuration and installation. It was observed in this study that the resistance of the single rod earthing system was seen to reduce with increasing current magnitudes for both polarities and negative polarity has higher impulse resitance than that of positive polarity.

This paper investigates the effects of current magnitudes, steady-stage earth resistances, R-DC, and threshold electric field, E-c on the characteristics of earthing systems under impulse conditions by using Finite Element Method (FEM). It has been reported in literature that there are three scenarios that can occur when the earthing systems are subjected under high impulse conditions as compared to its steady-state conditions, namely; (i) no difference in its resistance values between steady-state and impulse conditions, (ii) earth resistances under impulse were found to be lower than that at steady-state, and (iii) earth resistances were found to be higher under impulse than that at steady-state. It was found that the largest reduction in impulse resistance occurred for the earth resistance with the highest values for different factors; current magnitudes and Ec. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Every organisation and government invests in implementing effective training programmes to maximize the inherent value of their existing human capital. Human development training programmes have been an integral part in encouraging the employees to be a competent and skilled labour force that is knowledgeable and able to perform assigned tasks. Disaster preparedness training is one of training programmes provided to employees and volunteers to prepare and reduce the effects of a disaster such as flood. A variety of training is provided such as swimming skills, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique, basic rescue, disaster management, physical intelligence and basic disaster action. However, there is still lack of study that reviews the potential factors that influence the transfer of training in disaster preparedness training. This study is conducted to address this gap. Specifically, this study will review previous studies to identify the potential factors that could influence the transfer of training in disaster preparedness training. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

There has been a vast vacuum in the literature on the importance of the location of remote earth carried out during impulse test on grounding systems using field measurements. Some published work show that the remote earth is installed surrounding the electrode under tests, whilst some have used separate remote earth, away from it. This work studies the impact of return electrode location on transient behaviour of the earthing electrode. The electrode under test is a single rod. Two types of remote earth configurations are used, a circular electrode with multiple rods surrounding the single rod, and one that is 80m away from it. Impulse tests are conducted under both impulse polarities. Voltage and current traces are captured for a single rod, using two different types of remote earth configurations, with the impulse resistance measured as well. It has been established that the arrangement of the remote earth poses no influence on the test results. That said, higher oscillations of current traces and higher resistance values have been observed in negative impulse in comparison with positive impulse polarities.

The process of internationalisation can in many ways assist staff in being interculturally matured through prolong and accumulative intercultural communication experiences. Staff may undergo a gradual transformation towards being interculturally matured - thus the emergence of an intercultural personhood. Intercultural personhood coined by Kim (2008), describes individuals who move beyond the bounds of their own cultural beings and heritage to accept both their formal cultural identity and host identity. This paper explores an internationalisation project between two universities namely Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and the University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE) in Germany and how this project has internationalised staff and altogether making them more interculturally matured. The findings explain the cycle of staff who initially practice only one culture, communicates with the environment, co-evolves in the new environment thus illustrating identity changes through their live experiences to become persons with multicultural traits. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Kongres Pengajaran & Pembelajaran UKM, 2010

The paper reports a validity and reliability study on a newly developed Moral Value Inventory for Muslim Adolescent (MVIMA). Analysis of data using 107 subjects showed a high general relialibity (.95), and the nine sub-scales (patience, gratefulness, humility, respecfulness, positive regard, honesty, love, tawakal, sincerity and taqwa) shows reliability value ranging between .72 to .84. The convergence validity for the sub-scales were significantly correlated (.36 to .72; p<.01). Factor analysis identified four factors (self-spiritual, self-social, social-spiritual, and self). Forty eight items with factor loading between .413-.657 of 99 original items were retained in the final inventory. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The number of adolescents involved in premarital sex has been increasing each year. This study intends to examine the relationship between Islamic moral values and the coping strategies among female adolescents involved in premarital sex. The participants in this study were 238 inmates from four government rehabilitation centres. Moral Values Inventory for Muslim Adolescences (MVIMA) and Coping Strategy Inventory were used in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. For inferential data, the Pearson Correlation was used. The findings of showed a significant relationship between coping strategies and moral values among adolescences involved in pre-marital sex. The results of this study suggest that female adolescents and their parents should receive sex education as an early measure to prevent premarital sex and the diseases related to it. Thus, this study emphasises the need to design prevention and rehabilitation programs for high-risk teenagers. Teenagers need to develop positive self-respect and self-esteem as well as coping strategy through assertive training. This study addresses the limitations of data collection from rehabilitation centres under the provision of Social Welfare Department. Thus, future study should include shelter homes for teenage pregnant girls run by the non-government organizations. Future studies should also include qualitative approaches to increase our understanding of premarital sex among teenage girls and help them develop positive coping strategies in the process of recovering. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Islam is an official religion in Malaysia, and premarital sex is absolutely forbidden in Islam. Despite being an Islamic country the number of adolescents involved in premarital sex has increased each year. This study intends to find the relationship between Islamic moral values and the coping strategies among female adolescents involved in premarital sex. The study explores the demographic and the psychological profile of the participants of the study. The subject of this study consists of 238 occupants from four government shelter and rehabilitation homes. Moral Values Inventory for Muslim Adolescences (MVIMA) and Coping Strategy Inventory (adapted and translated into Malay Version from Spanish Version of Coping Strategies) were used in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. For inferential data, the Pearson Correlation was used. Findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between coping strategies and moral values among adolescences involved in pre-marital sex. The result of this study gives the implication that the female adolescent and their parents should be equipped with sex education as an early measure to prevent premarital sex and the diseases related to it. The implication of this study reflects the need of prevention and also rehabilitation programs to high risk group teenagers. Teenagers need to develop positive values toward self-respect and self-esteem as well as coping strategy through assertive training. This study addresses the limitations of data collection from rehabilitation centres under the provision of Social Welfare Department. Thus future study should include shelter home for teenage pregnant girls run by the non-government organizations. Future studies should also include qualitative approaches for more in-depth understanding of premarital sex among teenage girls in developing positive coping strategies in the process of recovering. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Islam is an official religion in Malaysia, and premarital sex is absolutely forbidden in Islam. Despite being an Islamic country the number of adolescent involves in premarital sex is increasing each year. This study intends to find the relationship between Islamic moral value and coping strategies among female adolescents involved in premarital sex. The study explores the demographic and the psychological profile of the participants of the study. The subject of this study consists of 238 occupants from four government's shelter and rehabilitation home. Moral Values Inventory for Muslim Adolescences (MVIMA) and Coping Strategy Inventory (adapted and translated into Malay Version from Spanish Version of Coping Strategies) were used in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and for inferential data Pearson Correlation was used. Finding of the research shows that there is a significant relationship between coping strategies and moral values among adolescences involved in pre marital sex. The result of this study give the implication that the female adolescent and their parents should be given with sex education as an early measures to prevent premarital sex and the disease related to it. The implication of this study reflects the need of prevention and also rehabilitation program to high risk group teenagers. Teenagers need to develop positive values toward self-respect and self-esteem as well as coping strategy through assertive training. This study addresses the limitation of data collection from rehabilitation centres under the provision of Social Welfare Department. Thus future study should include shelter home for teenage pregnant girls run by the non government organization. Future study should also include qualitative approach to have in-depth understanding of premarital among teenage girls develop positive coping strategies in the process of recovering. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The study aims to investigate the personality trait orientation of engineering students at UKM, alumni and the current students participating in the UKM-UDE double degree program. It is hypothesized that personality trait profile might be different between these respondents due to different academic, social and cultural background the students experienced. A total number of 54 respondents (19 alumni, 12 current students and 23 potential UKM engineering students) participated in the study. The 44 Big Five Inventory (John et al, 1991) was used to assess the personality profile. Data analyzed indicated some significant differences as expected. The current UKM-UDE engineering students were high on Neuroticism than those of UKM engineering students and UKM-UDE alumni. The alumni and current UKM-UDE students scored lower on Extraversion compared to the current local UKM engineering students. Current and the alumni of the UKM-UDE students scored higher on Openness than the current UKM engineering students. Overall findings suggest that environmental and socio-cultural factor play important role in the development of personal characteristics. Implications of the study on the benefits of the student mobility and exchange program were also discussed. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Kongres Pengajaran & Pembelajaran UKM, 2010

Teen mums on the rise with teenagers becoming more sexually active, over 18,000 cases of girls under 19 were recorded in 2011. The aim of this study addresses the issue of teenager's parent attachment versus peer attachment and coping strategy. This study uses a questionnaire for Teenage Pregnancy Profile which contains of three psychological measurements: (1) Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory and (2) Coping Strategy Inventory, and (3) Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale. This study is to identify relationship of parent and peers attachment, feeling of guilt and shame with coping strategy of pregnant teenagers. Respondents in this study consist of 75 pregnant girls (age between 12 and 18), who live in four rehabilitation centers. Majority (27 respondents, 75%) of them declared that they have first time sexual experience and became pregnant at the age of 12 to 15 years old. Results show Pearson's correlation between parent and peer attachment, and coping strategies of the respondents. Significantly weak positive Pearson's correlation (r=.32) show between parent attachment with peer attachment follow by peer attachment with social focus coping strategy (r=.30). The result of inter-correlation between sub-scales of Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale shown significantly positive moderate correlation in range of (r=.42 to r=.57). The implication of this study reflects the need of prevention and also rehabilitation program to high risk group teenagers. Teenagers need to develop positive values toward self-respect and self-esteem as well as coping strategy through assertive training. This study addresses the limitation of data collection from rehabilitation centres under the provision of Social Welfare Department. Future study should also include qualitative approach to have in-depth understanding of how teenage pregnant girls develop positive coping strategies in the process of recovering. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between stress and social support among flood victims. A set of questionnaire consisting of two sections; (i) demographic information, and (ii) translated Malaysian version of DASS (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), and Modified version of social support inventory. This study involved 300 respondents from two districts (Mersing and Segamat) situated in southern part of Johor, West Malaysia. The reliability of the instrument using Cronbach Alpha is high (DASS =. 957 and social support =. 960). The study showed that there was a significant relationship between stress and social support. The result also highlighted the implication of social support to the flood victims. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

With teenagers becoming more sexually active, teen mums are on the rise, as over 18,000 cases of girls under 19 were recorded in 2011. The aim of this study was to address the issue of teenager's attachment to parent, attachment to peer and coping strategy. To obtain Teenage Pregnancy Profile, this study used a questionnaire comprising three psychological measurements: (1) Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory, (2) Coping Strategy Inventory, and (3) Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale. This study attempted to identify the relationship of parent and peers attachment as well as feeling of guilt and shame with coping strategies utilized by pregnant teenagers. Respondents in this study comprised 75 pregnant girls (age between 12 and 18) from four rehabilitation centres. Most (27 respondents, 75%) of them declared that they had first sexual experience and became pregnant at the age of 12 to 15 years old. Pearson's correlation indicated the strength of the associations among parent and peer attachment and coping strategies of the respondents. The results found a weak positive correlation (r=.32) between parent attachment with peer attachment followed by peer attachment with social focus coping strategy (r=.30). The inter-correlation between sub-scales of Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale was significant and positive ranging from r=.42 to r=.57. The study suggests the need to design a prevention and rehabilitation program targeting high-risk group teenagers. Teenagers need to develop positive self-respect and self-esteem as well as coping strategy through assertive training. This study addresses the limitation of data collection from rehabilitation centres under the provision of Social Welfare Department. Future study should also include qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of how teenage pregnant girls develop positive coping strategies in the process of recovering. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. by Elsevier Ltd.

In the field of psychological research, more and more studies suggest ways that spirituality and religiosity is important in dealing with life's problems including flood disaster. Many mental health workers considered seeking a spiritual understanding of one's place in the universe is important in overall health and well-being including disaster management intervention. Given the potential effects of spiritual and religious beliefs on coping with traumatic events such as flood disaster, the study of the role of spirituality in fostering resilience in flood disaster survivors may facilitate the understanding of human adaptation to trauma. This paper is based on quantitative and qualitative approach conducted on three groups of flood victims from two different states in Malaysia. The findings show that there was no significant difference on spirituality among the two states studied. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This study examined the relationship between stress and coping in a sample of 150 survivals of flood victims. Questionnaire used in this study were Disaster Stress and Coping Skill Inventory. The study also adopted an exploratory qualitative approach where a number of five respondents were interviewed. The result showed that there was a significant relationship between stress and coping, and no significant gender differences in stress and coping among the respondents. The result also showed that the respondents suffered stress and needed strong coping skills. Religion was found to be the most apparent coping skill among the victims. The implication of this study suggests strong religious and social support from people who are knowledgeable and skills in the stress management and religious coping to the flood victims (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of PSYSOC 2013