Simple experiment measuring diameter of a solid object (coin) using LED and laser diode with Charge Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor was conducted in this early stage study. Mostly, CCD and laser diode system are higher in cost because CCD used in industries equipped with an anti blooming protection system to protect the CCD pixel from receiving too high laser light intensities. Low cost atomic laser (Helium: Neon 10: 1) with simple modification on light propagation is introduced. Combination of fan beam and parallel beam projection helps to reduce light intensities and expand laser light coverage area. Statistical analyses based on dot plot graph, Anderson Darling test and T-test were applied to choose the best transmitter for Charge Coupled Device (CCD) sensor. Based on T-test results with 95% confidence interval, low intensity laser diode for 5 and 10 cent diameter measurement gave P-value greater than 0.05, accepts laser as the best transmitter compared to LED. Single sensor data for LED and laser used for image reconstruction as an additional approach to prove the above result.

Cloud computing introduces concerns about data protection and intrusion detection mechanism. A review of the literature shows that there is still a lack of works on cloud IDS that focused on implementing real-time hybrid detections using Dendritic Cell algorithm (DCA) as a practical approach. In addition, there is also lack of specific threat detection built to detect intrusions targeting cloud computing environment where current implementations still using traditional open source or enterprise IDS to detect threats targeting cloud computing environment. Cloud implementations also introduce a new term, "co-residency" attack and lack of research focusing on detecting this type of attack. This research aims to provide a hybrid intrusion detection model for Cloud computing environment. For this purpose, a modified DCA is proposed in this research as the main detection algorithm in the new hybrid intrusion detection mechanism which works on Cloud Co-Residency Threat Detection (CCTD) that combines anomaly and misuse detection mechanism. This research also proposed a method in detecting co-residency attacks. In this paper the co-residency attack detection model was proposed and tested until satisfactory results were obtained with the datasets. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment and conducted using custom generated co-residency denial of service attacks for testing the capability of the proposed model in detecting novel co-residency attacks. The results show that the proposed model was able to detect most of the types of attacks that conducted during the experiment. From the experiment, the CCTD model has been shown to improve DCA previously used to solve similar problem.

This paper analyzes the contribution of external debt to Malaysia's economic growth. To investigate whether the external debt has contributed to the economic growth in the long run, the growth model is tested by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test. In addition, the existence of the threshold effect is examined to estimate the optimal level of external debt. The empirical results reveal that the accumulation of external debt is associated with an increase in Malaysia's economic growth up to an optimal level, and an additional increase of external indebtedness beyond the level has inversely contributed to the Malaysian economy.

This article considers the relationship between judicial conceptions of paramountcy principle and the participatory rights of Malaysian children in custody dispute. The scope of this article is extended to the coverage of Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (the Convention) but limited to family justice. The methodology is legal, library-based research focusing mainly on primary and secondary sources and international jurisprudence. The findings indicate a need for reforms in certain areas such as in developing a standard judicial procedure in monitoring the court's adherence to the Convention's provision, in empowering the professionals with relevant expertise in dealing with vulnerable parties, and in promoting the variant method of obtaining the views of the children rather than merely in-camera judicial interview.

A tomographic system is a method used for capturing an image of an internal object section. Optical tomography is one method which widely used in medical and industrial fields. This paper reviews several applications of Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) and introduces an application of a CCD in an optical tomography system. Most of the previous research used this component for displacement measurement and as a video camera. This paper discusses its basic principle of operation, basic construction, its criteria, application, and its advantages compared to other optoelectronic sensors available in today's market. The applications of this sensor in fields such as astronomy and medical has proved the ability and the good performance of CCD in capturing images. This sensor should widen its usage in optical tomography fields because it can give high performance in image reconstruction.