The study was done in Johor Bahru Allied Health Sciences College to gather information on academic stressors, stress levels and ways of coping among year one semester one nursing and assistant medical officer students. One hundred and twenty five nursing students and one hundred and twelve assistant medical officer students (total of two hundred thirty seven respondents) participated in this descriptive, cross sectional quantitative study. Instruments employed were Ying's Formal Academic Stress Scale 2009, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, 1983 and Ways of Coping by Lazarus and Folkman, 1984. The result of the study reported the highest academic stress that students are facing is related to peers. Highest mean was reported by both groups of students for this construct. Second highest mean was related to tests. Data analyzed using descriptive and t test proved significance (p value of 0.05) of academic stress among respondents. Analysis of stress levels were performed. The result demonstrated that students are facing high stress levels. Eighty eight percent of nursing students had more than average and high stress levels. Eighty nine percent of assistant medical officer students demonstrated the same. Ways of coping contained 8 constructs and highest mean determined the most used. Majority of students stated accepting responsibility for ways of coping. This finding was similar for both nursing and assistant medical officer students. Demographic variables were tested and demonstrated no significance differences according to race, age and sex. This finding is contradictory with other findings whereby the male and the female have different ways of coping, whereby women demonstrate more emotional coping compared to males. High stress levels need to be addressed as these students have just stepped into college life and need assistance to cope. Personal and group counseling can be effective in reducing stress and improving academic success. � Serials Publications.

Principals are school leaders who experienced stress while leading their schools towards excellence. However, principals stress experiences are always ignored and least studied. This mixed-methods study investigates primary principals’ stress experiences and their Islamic coping strategies used in incapacitating the stress experiences. A total of 216 Muslim primary principals across different gender, types of schools and years of experiences as school leaders responded to the administrative stress and the Islamic coping strategies items. In addition, seven primary principals were purposefully selected and interviewed in exploring their reasons of using Islamic coping strategies for their relieving process. Results discovered that primary principals experienced fairly stress level and they perceived managing students’ academic achievement was the most stressor followed by managing teachers’ capabilities. Although findings revealed that no significant differences in terms primary principals’ demographics; male primary principals, and experienced between 6 and 10 years and positioned in schools with least students (SLS) category have slightly higher level of stress. In terms of Islamic coping strategies used by primary principals, saying dhua to Allah, performing dhikir and reciting the Yassen are selected coping approaches employed in handling their stress. From interviews, primary principals also revealed that they used Islamic religious approaches as part of meaningful activities not just to overcoming their stress but also as part of religious approaches in remembering Allah, thinking back their past mistakes as part of the Muhasabah process. Therefore, we believed that religious approaches should be taken into consideration in principals’ training as it provides peaceful and treatment in managing principals’ stress issue.

Attempts to adopt the network data massively from the social media refer to provide the particular means in extracting the value from information space such as message, conversation, transaction and others, where the sources of structured data come from enterprise resources data and sources of unstructured data come from audio and video. It can be achieved to expand the process of extracting the value from social network to pattern the data sources to fulfil the organisation goal. This paper aims to reveal the way of big data approach in extracting data value from data complexity involving variety and velocity into the volume. This study was conducted using contents analysis by reviewing some literatures in peer-reviewed journals, chapters, books and proceedings in developing prototype using data analytics associated from the topic, users and time analytics. The findings reveal that big data emerging technology with analytic process provides particular advantages to transform the pattern of information fitted into the innovative environment of online learning resources (OLR) to enhance in developing the learning resources. Both prototype and model of data extraction value could be enhanced to facilitate the learning environment in supporting implementations with ease and convenience. This study is expected to contribute to improve the learning environment and outcomes with performance and achievement by enhancing students' learning process development to provide online resources in higher education context.

Background and Objective: Educational entrance examination refers to the extent in selecting the student to enroll through admission into educational institution. It has an entire procedure administered to achieve from primary to higher education. However, not many researches were conducted using mathematical theory of evidence. This study aims to investigate the examination process about the admission into educational institutions using mathematical theory of evidence. Materials and Methods: The assessment on student's entrance examination through the effectiveness of Dempster-Shafer theory can be viewed with its significant contribution by combining the previous measure of evidence. Eight student's entrance examination results were proposed. Results: The result reveals that there were some significant findings in assessing the student's entrance examination using mathematical theory of evidence. Those were obtained degrees of belief of Computer Science with 76.4% for student 1, Computer Science with 64.2% for student 2, Computer Science with 75.4% for student 3, Computer Science with 80.3% for student 4, Computer Science with 67.4% for student 5, Computer Science with 57.1% for student 6, Islamic Studies with 26.3% for student 7, Computer Science with 62.5% for student 8. Conclusion: In this research, mathematical theory of evidence has been successfully developed to assess student's entrance examination and displaying the result of identification process. � 2017 Andino Maseleno et al.

This paper proposed a new correlated topology control (CTC) algorithm to achieve optimal survival networks topology under correlated node behavior. CTC algorithm enable every node to selects its own neighbors with highly correlated cooperative node dynamically. To select neighbors, measurement scheme of correlated node cooperativity is proposed to determine misbehave node and critical node. The scheme will check on correlated degree of neighboring nodes for any misbehave node and at the same time will check if the removal of node cause network to partition. In the case if nodes removal will partition the network, a new reconstruction scheme LNL is proposed to reconnect the broken link. The simulation results show that CTC algorithm can prolong node lifetime and maintain generated survival network topology. Besides that, the algorithm successfully prevented correlated event from misbehave node and network partitioning from isolated node. Further, it is also shown that as energy consumption decreased, network performance especially packet forwarding can be significantly improved and network survivability is optimally achieved. � Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

Being one of the hazardous contaminants in the environment, continuous exposure to cadmium ions (Cd(II)) has been shown to severely affect the well being of both humans and animals. Therefore, development of a highly sensitive method to detect trace amounts of such substance in the environment acquires scientific pertinence. In this present work, carbon paste electrode modified with bis(benzylidene)ethelynediamine (BBE-CPE) was used for the determination of Cd(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) technique. A response surface methodological approach employing the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on four relevant variables viz. pH, deposition time, percentage ligand and deposition potential was used for optimizing the experimental conditions for detecting such ions. Under optimized conditions (supporting electrolyte: pH 4.5, deposition time: 350 s, ligand graphite composition: 6%, deposition potential: ‒1.1 V), a linear response over a wide range of Cd(II) concentrations (1–500 µg L−1) with low detection limit (0.4 µg L-1) and quantification limit (1.4 µg L-1) were observed with deposition time being the most impacting factor. Pertinently, the BBE-CPE developed here exhibited exceptional recovery of Cd(II) concentrations in the sea and tap water samples, comparable with that observed under simulated conditions, suggesting its applicability for a variety of real samples. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

In a commercial oyster mushroom farm, fruiting body base (FBB) was not harvested compared to the common cap and stem of the fruiting body parts, and thus remained as waste. In the present study, unused FBB was powdered and subjected to proximate analysis as floured FBB (FFBB). FFBB was found to contain 71.2% carbohydrate, 8.93% moisture, 7.18% fibre, 5.72% ash, 5.57% protein, and 1.4% fat, while raw-FBB (RFBB) contained 7.57% carbohydrate, 84.4% moisture, 5.17% fibre, 5.72% ash, 1.54% protein, and 0.85% fat. The high carbohydrate content of FFBB was subjected to hot-water extraction and yielded 7.40 g of FFBB polysaccharide (FFBBP). Total phenolic content (TPC) of FFBBP contained 1.80 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, exhibiting the reducing activity of 1.74 mM Fe(II)/g by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and reduced the stable 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical forms at IC 50 of 25.08 mg/mL, which was comparable with other parts of oyster mushroom species. Different percentages of FFBB mixtures were utilized in the production of cookies (10% and 20%) and steamed buns (10%, 20% and 30%). Thirty-seven panellists were selected for sensory testing, which showed that 10% of FFBB in a steamed bun was more acceptable than 30% of FFBB, while the overall acceptance of cookies with 10% FBB was insignificant (p > 0.05) but 20% FFBB in cookies was significantly different from control (p < 0.05). This study indicates that potential value of FFBB as an economical antioxidative flour in the development of functional foods.

A rare Malaysian tiger milk mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus strain ABI (LRSA) was morphologically identified based on its pileus, stipe, and sclerotium. LRSA (515 bp) was sequenced and found to have 99% similar to L. rhinocerus strains CH31 and CH2. Phylogenetically, evolutionary distance (Knuc) and plasmid-matching software (ApE) for sequences of matching fungal species were used to verify that the isolate belonged to the L. rhinocerus species. The strain was cultured in a stirred-tank bioreactor and a mycelial β-glucan (G) was extracted for compound characterization. The structure of exopolysaccharide extract from mycelium of LRSA was studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). FT-IR spectroscopy showed that G exhibited a similar β-glycosidic structure to the standard (laminarin), and the presence of characteristic bands at 3277, 2919, 1638, 1545, 1400, 1078, and 896 cm−1 confirmed the similarities. 1H and 13C NMR, as well as 2D NMR: homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) spectra, were used for structural elucidation of the β-glucan and confirmed the extracted material as (1,3)-β-D-glucan. In addition, the G compound exhibited antioxidant activities through total phenolic content (4.47 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (11.48 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.56 mg/mL) assays. These findings may facilitate the development of rare G production in a high-scale bioreactor using LRSA.

Thalassaemia is a public health problem in Malaysia, with each ethnic group having their own common mutations. However, there is a lack on data on the prevalence and common mutations among the indigenous people. This cross-sectional study was performed to determine the common mutations of α- and β-thalassaemia among the subethnic groups of Senoi, the largest Orang Asli group in Peninsular Malaysia. Blood samples collected from six Senoi subethnic groups were analysed for full blood count and haemoglobin analysis (HbAn). Samples with abnormal findings were then screened for α- and β-globin gene mutations. Out of the 752 samples collected, 255 showed abnormal HbAn results, and 122 cases showing abnormal red cell indices with normal HbAn findings were subjected to molecular screening. DNA analysis revealed a mixture of α- and β-globin gene mutations with 25 concomitant cases. The types of gene abnormalities detected for α-thalassaemia were termination codon (T>C) Hb CS (αCSα), Cd59 (G>A) haemoglobin Adana (Hb Adana) (αCd59α), initiation codon (ATG>A-G) (αIniCdα), two-gene deletion (–SEA), and single-gene 3.7-kb deletion (-α3.7). For β-thalassaemia, there were Cd26 (G>A) Hb E (βE), Cd19 (A>G) Haemoglobin Malay (Hb Malay) (βCd19), and IVS 1–5 (G>C) (βIVS 1–5).

This paper present correlated hazard function in multivariate network survival analysis in MANETS. Correlated hazard function is an extended hazard function in Cox model to capture correlated events. The function takes correlated degree as a covariate to measure the effect of correlated node behavior and describe the relationship between correlated degree and survival times. The covariates analysis shows that the effect of correlated degree is significant in measuring survival analysis in MANETS. � 2014 IEEE.

Network survivability analysis modeling in MANETs was hardly an issue in the early years of wireless technology because there was no critical network system that depended on wireless technology yet. Today, network survivability analysis is an essential aspect of reliable communication especially in MANETs. Although various methods have been proposed to model network survivability analysis in MANETs, no related review has been published as to date for this topic. Thus, a comprehensive review of this body of work would be beneficial to researchers to have an overview of the current state of research trend in this area. This paper provides a systematic literature review (SLR) of the state of the art approach in modeling network survivability analysis in MANETs. We used studies from a number of relevant article sources, and our results showed the existence of twenty six articles. From this SLR we found that the existing of modeling method is focusing on individual node in which the node is treated as independent event. Furthermore, the analysis also reveals the less popular methods in modeling network survivability analysis are with statistical methods such as regression analysis and survival analysis. The implication of this study is to give a clear direction to future researchers in this area for a better and accurate analysis in measuring network survivability in MANETs. � 2014 IEEE.

Wild-cultivated medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was morphologically identified and sequenced using phylogenetic software. In submerged-liquid fermentation (SLF), biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production of the identified G. lucidum was optimised based on initial pH, starting glucose concentration and agitation rate parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). Molecularly, the G. lucidum strain QRS 5120 generated 637 base pairs, which was commensurate with related Ganoderma species. In RSM, by applying central composite design (CCD), a polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data and was found to be significant in all parameters investigated. The strongest effect (p < 0.0001) was observed for initial pH for biomass, EPS and IPS production, while agitation showed a significant value (p < 0.005) for biomass. By applying the optimized conditions, the model was validated and generated 5.12 g/L of biomass (initial pH 4.01, 32.09 g/L of glucose and 102 rpm), 2.49 g/L EPS (initial pH 4, 24.25 g/L of glucose and 110 rpm) and 1.52 g/L of IPS (and initial pH 4, 40.43 g/L of glucose, 103 rpm) in 500 mL shake flask fermentation. The optimized parameters can be upscaled for efficient biomass, EPS and IPS production using G. lucidum.

The pellet morphology and diameter range (DR) of Ganoderma lucidum were observed in a repeated-batch fermentation (RBF) for the trio total production of biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (ENS). Two factors were involved in RBF; broth replacement ratio (BRR: 60%, 75% and 90%) and broth replacement time point (BRTP: log, transition and stationary phase) in days. In RBF, 34.31 g/L of biomass favoured small-compact pellets with DR of 20.67 μm< d < 24.00 μm (75% BRR, day 11 of BRTP). EPS production of 4.34 g/L was prone to ovoid-starburst pellets with DR of 34.33 μm< d <35.67 μm (75% BRR, day 13 of BRTP). Meanwhile, the highest 2.43 g/L of ENS production favoured large-hollow pellets with DR of 34.00 μm< d < 38.67 μm (90% BRR, day 13 of BRTP). In addition, RBF successfully shortened the biomass-EPS–ENS fermentation period (31, 33 and 35 days) from batch to 5 days, in seven consecutive cycles of RBF. In a FTIR detection, β-glucan (BG) from EPS and ENS extracts were associated with β-glycosidic linkages (2925 cm-1, 1635 cm-1, 1077 cm-1,920 cm-1 and 800 cm-1 wavelengths) with similar1H NMR spectral behaviour (4.58, 3.87 and 3.81 ppm). Meanwhile, 4 mg/L of BG gave negative cytotoxic effects on normal gingival cell line (hGF) but induced antiproliferation (IC50 = 0.23 mg/mL) against cancerous oral Asian cellosaurus cell line (ORL-48). Together, this study proved that G. lucidum mycelial pellets could withstand seven cycles of long fermentation condition and possessed anti-oral cancer beta-glucan, which suits large-scale natural drug fermentation. © 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

The study aims to identify the self- efficacy, self- regulation and academic motivation among students. Research design for this study is case study which used quantitative method. The study involved 140 respondents randomly selected among students Permata Insan in Islamic Science University of Malaysia from Form 1 until Form 4 respondents involved in this study using stratified sampling method which based on their availability to participate. Instruments used are The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, The Self- Regulation Questionnaire and Academic Motivation Scale. The design of the study uses a survey method. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, independent sample t test and correlation. Research findings shows there is significant relationship between self- efficacy and academic motivation among students, significant relationship between self- regulation and academic motivation among students and significant difference between self-efficacy, self-regulation and academic motivation based on gender among students. Thus, to improve self-esteem, self-regulation and academic motivation among student, there is need of teachers to make diversify in style of teaching when delivering in classroom to ensure delivering are more effective towards students.