Nowadays, the innovation and production of prayer seats can widely be seen around the world particularly in a nation or region with a majority of Muslim population. Demands on this assistive device are everywhere in order to ease and help disabled Muslims to conduct their daily prayers. Most of the existing devices consist of basic systems and sometimes do not accurately meet disabled Muslims’ requirement. The main objective of this research is to design and develop a Solah chair using electronic sensor to assist disabled Muslims to perform Solah and other ritual activities comfortably. This research uses four types of electrical and electronic systems namely the ultrasonic system, DF player system, counter system and IR sensor system to assist disabled Muslims to perform Solah and other ritual activities such as zikir and listening to Quran recitation. Arduino Uno is used to integrate these four subsystems. Arduino as the main micro-controller for this system is chosen for its convenience and capabilities to read and run C-language. It is also a simple platform which is suitable for many IT projects in general.

This research discusses an application of Couple-Charge Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system. Tomography is a system that could capture a cross-sectional image based on sensor data scattered across the periphery of the examining device in non-invasive and non-intrusive framework. This project is focusing on how to quantify the level of object transparency based on CCD and mathematical modelling assessment. The objective of this project is to investigate the light refraction, reflection and absorption effect on object transparency. The study will include discussion on the light parameters and its mathematical expression. The voltage output measured by CCD defines the degree of intensity of light that is obtained after penetrating through different object transparency. In conclusion, this research has successfully proved the potential of CCD in OPT configuration to detect different size diameter of targeted transparent object which is the air bubble in non-flowing crystal-clear liquid.

This research discusses an application of Couple-Charge Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system. Tomography is a system that could capture a cross-sectional image based on sensor data scattered across the periphery of the examining device in the non-invasive and non-intrusive framework. This project focuses on quantifying the level of object transparency based on CCD and mathematical modelling assessment. The objective of this project is to investigate the light refraction, reflection and absorption effect on object transparency. The study will include a discussion on the light parameters and its mathematical expression. The voltage output measured by CCD defines the degree of intensity of light obtained after penetrating through different object transparency. In conclusion, this research has successfully proved the potential of CCD in OPT configuration to detect different size diameters of a targeted transparent object, which is an air bubble in non-flowing crystal-clear liquid.

Presently, Malaysia is fostering growth in the green energy sector in order to reduce its carbon emissions and contribute in the fight against global warming. Renewable Energy (RE) such as solar cell could no longer be considered as a green technology because at the end of their lifecycle, they become non- biodegradable waste which in turn constitutes pollution and contributes to global warming. Thus, the aim of this research is to study a self-sustaining solar module produced by upcycling solar cells from non- biodegradable waste. Several solar cells from electronic devices were reused in this study. The results obtained show that a combination of 4V, 3V and 2V reused solar cells produced 10.20V and 47.9mW of power. This indicates that the proposed upcycled solar module is feasible and has the potential to aid in the promotion of clean and renewable energy use in order to attain the desired sustainable development goals.