This paper attempts to provide an overview of the consumer awareness of takaful by introducing categories that exist in the spectrum of consumer awareness. This is important to ensure the efforts taken in promoting consumer awareness of takaful are delivered in a comprehensive and effective manner. It also addresses the role of takaful operators related to promoting consumer awareness of takaful. The study adopts qualitative-based research. Primary data is gathered using semi-structured interviews and content analysis is undertaken to identify and interpret the data obtained from the interviews in developing the categories of consumer awareness. It has been discovered that the spectrum of consumer awareness of takaful can be categorized into four different categories which are awareness in terms of (1) importance of takaful coverage, (2) takaful product features, (3) takaful as a Shariah- compliant alternative to conventional insurance and (4) consumer’s rights and responsibilities to the takaful contract. The study also finds that the takaful operators in the industry need to collaborate and work as a whole in the effort to promote consumer awareness of takaful. This study appears as a primordial attempt to discuss and identify the categories that exist in the spectrum of consumer awareness with reference to the takaful industry in Malaysia; while other studies related to consumer awareness of takaful are more focused on examining the level of knowledge and awareness of consumers in takaful. This study has the potential to be applied in other sectors of Islamic finance such as Islamic banking and Islamic capital market.

Improved accounting and reporting practice for waqf institution in Malaysia has become an indispensable necessity. The identification of waqf stakeholders may help the institution to achieve this objective as the interest of these accounting users are to be properly addressed in the financial reports. This paper investigates the stakeholders of waqf and their relationship with waqf institution. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted involving 27 waqf managers and accountants from various organizations in waqf institution. Based on the thematic analysis, 18 groups of waqf stakeholders and three categories of stakeholder influential relationship have been identified. The results of this study provided a basis for waqf institution to further determine which groups of waqf stakeholders that are salient in the efforts of providing the useful accounting information. Keywords: waqf stakeholder, influential relationship, stakeholder ecosystem