Many governments today have implemented Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS). The employment of EDMS systems has increased the operational (e.g. document storage and retrieval, auditing, workflow facilities, searching and publishing) effectiveness of governments on daily basis. However, not many studies had been undertaken into process of implementing EDMS in the government context. Therefore, this paper fills this gap by presenting a research framework for the implementation process of EDMS. Based on a content analysis of the reviewed literature, this paper identifies thirteen (13) common factors contributing to the implementation process of EDMS. The factors are: (1) Top management support; (2) Budgetary; (3) Implementation planning; (4) Anti-corruption; (5) Implementation staff; (6) Security and privacy; (7) Data quality, (8) User requirements; (9) Cooperation; (10) Systems integration; (11) Awareness; (12) Resistance to change; and (13) Staff training. All these factors subsequently were linked to the Prosci-ADKAR model of change to outline the structure of EDMS implementation process framework. The proposed framework contributes to the theoretical understanding of the EAI implementation process, which may support government practitioners in implementing the EDMS applications in their government organizations. The paper also highlights with three important issues that need to be explored further while developing the framework: 1) the EDMS implementation process meaning in system development life cycle; 2) the importance of EDMS implementation factors; and 3) the kind approach to investigate EDMS implementation process. � 2005 - 2015 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved.

Termites are perceived as decomposers and as pests in an ecosystem. A study on the species composition of termites in different soil types (i.e. clay, sand and peat) in oil palm plantations was conducted between 6 April 2015 and 10 December 2015 in nine selected localities in Johor (Malaysia) and Riau (Indonesia). Sampling of termites was conducted using belt transects of 100 m in length and 4 m in width in the oil palm plantation. A total of three replicates for each soil types were done from the nine transects for each location. A total of 41 species from five subfamilies (i.e. Coptotermitinae, Rhinotermitinae, Termitinae, Macrotermitinae and Nasutitemitinae) and two families (i.e. Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae) of termite species were successfully sampled and recorded. Sand soil (81 colonies: 12 species; four subfamilies; two families) recorded the highest colonies, followed by peat soil (62 colonies: 12 species; five subfamilies; two families), and clay soil (47 colonies consisting; nine species, four subfamilies and two families). There was a significant difference (?2 = 618 886, df = 328, p<0.005) between soil types and termite species composition that were found in the oil palm plantation. This study identified that the diversity and abundance of termites differed between soil types in different oil palm plantations.

Taking into consideration a complexity of EDMS implementation process which involves a combination of technological, organizational and users factors, this study explores how EDMS implementation factors can be ranked through these dimensions. This paper begins with an examination of the literature on EDMS implementation studies where a conceptual framework has been derived. The study then adopts the TOPSIS method as the analytical tool that tackles the issue in prioritizing the most desirable factors influencing EDMS implementation project. From the results, the top management support, budgetary, strategic planning, staff training, awareness, resistance to change, IT implementation team, ICT infrastructure, security and privacy/trust, and collaboration are the top-ten important factors for Iraqi government organizations to implement EDMS applications. This paper draws on the research results for implications of IT managerial practice, and then suggests some empirical tactics in order to enhance in managing the EDMS implementation process in government. � 2005 � 2016 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved.