Single father is a minority group that commonly be ignored and given less attention by the community in Malaysia. This is because, the number of single fathers is less compared to single mother and the perception of society towards single father itself. However, it had been found that the number of single fathers is increasing rapidly years by years. Hence, it is crucial and important for researchers to investigate and study about single father in order to gain deeper understanding on the experience of single fathers as well as exploring the life of single fathers in detail. Especially in the aspect of parenting and managing the children. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to explore single parents understanding on parenting, to understand the experience of parenting among single fathers, and to study the relationship between single fathers and their children. This research is conducted by using Qualitative Method with phenomenological approach. A structured interview had been conducted to obtain the data from two single fathers. The result of study had identified three findings which are i) single fathers’ perception or understanding on parenting, ii) experience of single father in various aspect such as dealing with grief, adapting with new role, managing challenges and stressors and coping strategies of single fathers. Implication and suggestion for future research had been included.

The Therapeutic Community (TC) module in prison refers to a specific program designed to help prisoners go through the drug rehabilitation process from the psychological, emotional, and social aspects while they are serving their sentence. This module is implemented in the form of individual or group therapy involving various activities aimed at changing negative behavior, improving mental well-being, and preparing prisoners for reintegration into society after release. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the experience of the TC module among prisoners in Penjara Kajang. The objective of this study is to find out the inmates' experiences of change undergoing TC and to identify the perceived long-term benefits of participating in TC. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative study using a generic qualitative research approach. Data was collected from interview sessions using semi-structured interviews based on the interview protocol with three study participants in Penjara Kajang. The results of the study show that prisoners who undergo this TC module get learning results from internal and external aspects to change negative behavior. In addition, the study participants also stated that there were psychological changes during this module, such as respect, discipline, responsibility, and emotional control. In conclusion, the study shows that the Community Therapeutic Module has a positive effect on the psychological well-being, behavioral change, and reconstruction of the prisoner's identity.

This study was conducted to understand the lived experiences of aging Muslim mothers during the empty nest stage in their lives, analyze the specific challenges they face, and investigate the coping strategies they use. The research was carried out in Baling, Kedah, with a sample of four aging Muslim mothers residing there. A qualitative approach was employed by interviewing the participants to gain a deeper insight into the empty nest stage, a topic rarely discussed in Malaysia, especially within the Islamic culture. The findings revealed three main themes that describe the experiences of these aging Muslim mothers: emotion, thought, and behavior. The challenges faced by aging Muslim mothers during the empty nest stage include changes in responsibilities, environmental changes, and shifts in roles and routines. The coping strategies employed by these mothers fall into three main subthemes: self-care, spiritual care, and social relations. These insights enhance our understanding of their experiences and can provide crucial support to help them navigate this stage in their lives. It is essential for all parties to work together in supporting mothers in the empty nest phase to promote their overall well-being.