The use of chemometrics to analyse infrared spectra to predict pork adulteration in the beef jerky (dendeng) was explored. In the first step, the analysis of pork in the beef jerky formulation was conducted by blending the beef jerky with pork at 5-80 % levels. Then, they were powdered and classified into training set and test set. The second step, the spectra of the two sets was recorded by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using atenuated total reflection (ATR) cell on the basis of spectral data at frequency region 4000-700 cm(-1). The spectra was categorised into four data sets, i.e. (a) spectra in the whole region as data set 1; (b) spectra in the fingerprint region (1500-600 cm(-1)) as data set 2; (c) spectra in the whole region with treatment as data set 3; and (d) spectra in the fingerprint region with treatment as data set 4. The third step, the chemometric analysis were employed using three class-modelling techniques (i.e. LDA, SIMCA, and SVM) toward the data sets. Finally, the best result of the models towards the data sets on the adulteration analysis of the samples were selected and the best model was compared with the ELISA method. From the chemometric results, the LDA model on the data set 1 was found to be the best model, since it could classify and predict 100 % accuracy of the sample tested. The LDA model was applied toward the real samples of the beef jerky marketed in Jember, and the results showed that the LDA model developed was in good agreement with the ELISA method.

A rapid immuno strip test was developed to provide visual detection of pork adulteration in processed meats. Gold nanoparticles was prepared and conjugated with anti-Swine IgG polyclonal antibody. A lateral flow immunosensor was developed, and then were used to test pork adulterated in processed meats, i.e. beef meatball samples. The simulated samples consisted of pork-in-beef meatball at the ratio of 0-100 (%w/w) adulteration levels that were extracted in phosphate-buffered solution. Pure beef meatball without pork was included as controls. The response time was completed in 5 min, after incubation time. Detection limit of the immunosensor strip was 0.1% (w/w). This immunosensor tests can be applied to detect low levels of pork adulteration in beef meatballs. The reliability of the assay was further investigated by comparing the results to those of commercially available ELISA kits. It was obtained that the correlation of two methods was excellent. Thus, the strip could provide a simple approach to detect pork adulteration in processed meats samples with high reliability.