This study extracts the main characteristics of the interfaith dialogue that had been carried out during the Prophet Muhammad's lifetime from six models of interfaith dialogue during that time. The six models are based on engagements of the Prophet Muhammad in six different occasions, in both, Meccan and Medinan periods: dialogues with Abd Allah ibn Salam, Najashi of Abyssinia, Christians of Najran, antagonistic Jews of Medina, Heraclius of Byzantine Empire and Khosrow of Sassanian Empire. Analysis of this study has employed the historical hermeneutics of Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) to unveil the underlying contexts of the six Prophetic interfaith dialogue models. On the other hand, the derivation of the Prophetic interfaith dialogue characteristics is based on observation of the salient features applied in all the models of Prophetic interfaith dialogue. The study concludes that all the Prophetic interfaith dialogue was carried out in the spirit that dialogue is a form of da `wah. Among the characteristics of this Prophetic interfaith dialogue models, 'principle -centred' is the most consistent. Other characteristics are clarity and precision, openness and respect, confidence and nonarrogance, non-evasion and peaceful co -existence.

Data driven technique is a well-known method in fault detection and it is suitable for large industrial systems. In this article, this technique is applied in an electron beam (EB)facility to assist the technology available in that facility so that the number and cost of equipment/ component failures can be reduced. An example is on EB scanning, if not properly monitored and in case of beam scanning unit fails, it will damage EB accelerator tube which is one of the main components in EBM facility. For these two stages fault detection, the current data for both x-& y-coils are monitored and compared with the normal outputs that obtained from such as an ANFIS model. If either or both errors are larger than their threshold limits and it happened for a certain period of time then the beam current source shall be terminated and the high voltage power supply across the tube shall be quickly reduce to 0 kV in order to avoid heat developed on the 25 mu m titanium foil window that due to electron beam penetration and will soon torn the window. Delays for three cases (x- , y- and both x& y coils) are pre-determined by the specialist and these will eliminate uncertainty of error signals.