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  1. Home
  2. Browse by Author

Browsing by Author "Hailan Salamun"

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    Publication
    Corruption, Violence, And The Rule Of Law Affecting Regulatory Control: Forecast Evaluation
    (Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2022)
    Arvian Triantoro
    ;
    Khalid Zaman
    ;
    Sriyanto Sriyanto
    ;
    Hailan Salamun
    ;
    Shabnam
    ;
    Sasmoko
    ;
    Yasinta Indrianti
    ;
    Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Mohd Khata Jabor
    Political challenges, unfairness, and dishonesty are the governing issues that need substantial reforms to improve the high regulatory quality standards. The study's objective is to examine the impact of corruption, violence, and the rule of law on Pakistan's regulatory control. The study used four forecasting techniques, i.e., Root Mean Square Error (RSER), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Theil inequality coefficient, on the available data series from 1996–2019. The study first obtained the forecast factors of the stated variables by using the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) technique and then used these variables in the least-squares regression technique to obtain the forecast parameter estimates. The simulation results show that corruption, violence, and the rule of law would likely negatively affect the country's regulatory control. The ex-ante analysis shows that the corruption level increases sharply reaches its highest point, and becomes constant. The rule of law initially decreases and then begins to rise steeply. Regulatory control initially decreases and is likely to increase at a decreasing rate. Finally, political stability is likely to decrease over the time horizon. Innovation accounting matrix estimates show that corruption would likely change the country's regulatory control, followed by the rule of law and violence in the next ten years. The study is the first to explore the dynamics of governance indicators in an inter-temporal setting. The study concludes that the country should devise broad-based governance reform policies to eliminate the high incidence of corruption, violence, and injustice and move forward towards implementing regulatory control for sustained growth.
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    Publication
    Transportation-Induced Carbon Emissions Jeopardize Healthcare Logistics Sustainability: Toward a Healthier Today and a Better Tomorrow
    (MDPI, 2022)
    Khalid Zaman
    ;
    Muhammad Khalid Anser
    ;
    Usama Awan
    ;
    Wiwik Handayani
    ;
    Hailan Salamun
    ;
    Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Mohd Khata Jabor
    ;
    Kamalularifin Subari
    Background: Logistics operations are considered essential for transporting commodities from one location to another, helping to promote global economic activity. On the other hand, its negative impact eclipses its positive impact, namely the rise in healthcare expenditures due to its ecological footprint. Globally, rising out-of-pocket health expenses result from logistic-induced carbon emissions, posing a danger to the long-term viability of healthcare. Methods: Based on this critical fact, this study examined the impact of logistics operations on healthcare costs by controlling for carbon emissions, fuel imports, and economic development across a large cross-section of 131 nations by using the Robust Least Squares Regression. Results: The findings demonstrate a U-shaped association between logistical operations and healthcare expenditures, i.e., if there is a 1% increase in logistics operations, healthcare expenditures decrease by −2.421% initially, while at later stages, healthcare costs would increase by 0.139%. On the other hand, increased fuel imports and economic growth due to logistics activities are increasing healthcare expenditures with an elasticity estimate of 0.087% and 0.147%, respectively. According to the forecasting predictions, logistics-induced carbon emissions, fuel imports, and economic expansion will increase healthcare expenses. Conclusions: A sustainable logistics operation is critical for strengthening healthcare infrastructure and meeting the global carbon neutrality goal.
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