Copyright protection in Palestine is under the Palestinian Copyright Act 1911 (Act 45) and Arab Copyright Convention 1981. The Palestinian Copyright Act 1911 has not been amended since enacted in 1911. This causes a lack of protection of copyright works in the digital environment. Hence, this paper aims to identify and explain the provisions contained in the Palestinian Copyright Act 1911 (Act 45) related to the digital area and highlight issues related to it. This paper concludes that there are issues related to copyright in the digital environment in Palestine which requires regulation by the Palestinian Copyright Act 1911.

The development of copyright legislation to keep up with technical breakthroughs was prompted by the direct impact of technology on copyright. Because the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 is out of date, it does not address this issue's regulation. The state of Palestine drafted a proposal for new copyright legislation that governs the copyright protection for digital works, but owing to the suspension of the parliament, it has not been authorized by the expert authorities. In order to reinforce a significant portion of the legislation, this study looks at issues related to copyright in digital works as they are outlined in the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 and the Palestine Copyright Draft (Proposal). The descriptive-analytical method is being used in this library-based study. The findings of this research indicate that the Palestine Copyright Act lacks copyright protection for digital works, while the Palestine Copyright Draft 2013 governs this issue to some extent. This study suggests that before the copyright draft is approved, changes need to be made, especially in regard to the issue of copyright protection requirements.

Perundangan Islam menganjurkan seluruh umat manusia untuk saling menghormati di antara satu sama lain walaupun mempunyai kepercayaan yang berbeza. Fakta ini jelas sebagaimana yang dinyatakan oleh Allah SAW di dalam surah alAn’am ayat 108. Walaupun Islam jelas membawa mesej keharmonian, perbuatan penghinaan ke atas Rasulullah SAW tetap juga berlaku sehingga ke hari ini walaupun manusia pada era ini sudah dianggap mempunyai tamadun yang tinggi. Apa yang menyedihkan, perbuatan ini bukan hanya dilakukan oleh masyarakat bukan Islam sahaja, namun ia juga turut dilakukan oleh masyarakat Islam itu sendiri dan tidak terkecuali masyarakat Islam di negara kita. Justeru, timbul persoalan adakah mereka yang melakukan perbuatan ini menyedari implikasinya dari sudut undang-undang jenayah Islam dan Undang-Undang sedia ada di Malaysia. Oleh yang demikian, kertas kerja yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif ini akan merungkai persoalan tersebut dengan memberikan penerangan yang jelas terhadap implikasi dan hukuman terhadap perbuatan menghina Rasulullah SAW dari sudut undang-undang Jenayah Islam dan Undang-Undang di Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa undang-undang terutamanya di Malaysia perlu lebih tegas dalam menangani perbuatan ini bagi menjaga sensitiviti umat Islam dan mengekalkan keharmonian agama. Peruntukan khusus dan jelas berkaitan penghinaan terhadap Rasulullah SAW serta penalti yang terperinci juga perlu diwujudkan di dalam perundangan negara.

Patent license is established when the patent owner allows the other party to exercise rights granted under the patent grant based on the terms specified in the patent license contract. However, there is no standard form of patent license contract and hence, parties are left with their own discretion to decide the terms to be included in the patent license. The freedom to include terms in the patent license led parties to expand their rights via inclusion of anti-competitive provisions in the patent license. Thus, competition law authority plays its role in determining whether terms included in the patent license affects competition process. In fact, patent license is expected to comply with regulations set by the competition law authority if it contains provisions which are anti-competitive in nature. This research evaluates the legal mechanisms employed by the Malaysia and EU competition authority in order to establish whether the mechanisms have adequately address issues relating to competition law in patent license. It also seeks to identify problems surrounding the patent license contract and explores how it affects the competition law. The findings indicate that while Malaysia has the basic legal mechanism to implement competition law in patent license, which is Competition Act 2010, but review of the Competition Act 2010 and additional legal mechanisms such as Guidelines are necessary to cater the needs arising from the patent license.

The introduction of the competition law in Malaysia via Competition Act 2010 has brought a tremendous shift in business practices. Common practice in businesses such as collusion to exploit quantity and price of goods in the market is no longer permitted with the coming into force the Competition Act 2010 in 2012. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to identify roles of Malaysia competition law in regulating anti-competitive business conduct in Malaysia. The result indicated that while competition law in Malaysia plays its role in combating anti-competitive business conduct, improvements of the provisions such as inclusion of specific merger provisions in the Competition Act 2010 and specific guidelines for intellectual property matters are needed in order to further support implementation of competition law in Malaysia. This paper employs library based approach which collects data from statutes, decided cases, journals and books.

Malaysia Competition Act 2010 was introduced recently by the Malaysian government in 2010 which came into effect in 2012. Among the aim of the Competition Act 2010 is to encourage economic development via regulating competition process for commercial activity in Malaysia. As such, Malaysia Competition Commission was established under the Competition Commission Act 2010 to implement provisions contained in the Competition Act 2010. Since the Competition Act 2010 is new, it remains uncertain whether the provisions in the Competition Act 2010 affects ongoing business practices in Malaysia. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify provisions in the Competition Act 2010 which implicates commercial activity in Malaysia. Result of the study indicated that provisions relating to two main prohibitions contained in the Competition Act 2010, namely anti-competitive agreement and abuse of dominant position are applicable to various commercial activity in Malaysia. This study reveals that, although the Competition Act 2010 is silent on the detail application of its provisions in specific commercial sector, yet it provides general outline to be applied to all types of commercial activity in Malaysia.

Malaysia merupakan salah sebuah negara yang mewujudkan undang undang yang spesifik berkaitan dengan persaingan selepas Indonesia, Singapura,Thailand dan Vietnam. Akta Persaingan 2010 telah digubal oleh Parlimen Malaysia dan dikuatkuasakan pada tahun 2012. Suruhanjaya Persaingan Malaysia yang diwujudkan di bawah Akta Suruhanjaya Persaingan 2010 merupakan badan yang diberikan tanggungjawab untuk menguatkuasakan peruntukan yang terkandung dalam Akta Persaingan 2010. Melalui Akta Persaingan 2010, Malaysia bermatlamat untuk meningkatkan ekonomi melalui proses persaingan yang bertujuan memberikan perlindungan kepada pengguna. Secara umumnya, Akta Persaingan 2010 menghalang perusahaan daripada terlibat dengan dua jenis kegiatan, iaitu perjanjian antipersaingan serta penyalahgunaan kedudukan dominan. Dengan wujudnya Akta Persaingan 2010, kerajaan berharap agar aktiviti antipersaingan dapat dielakkan. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi menganalisis peruntukan yang terkandung dalam Akta Persaingan 2010. Tujuan kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti peruntukan dalam Akta Persaingan 2010 serta menganalisis pemakaian peruntukan ini dalam sektor perniagaan di Malayia. Pendekatan kajian secara kualitatif, iaitu analisis terhadap dokumen perundangan yang relevan. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa Akta Persaingan 2010 memberikan asas terhadap persaingan yang sihat dalam pelbagai aktiviti komersial dan pemakaian umum.