The Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) is a set of organizational arrangements through which Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) ensure effective oversight, responsibility and accountability of the board of directors, management and Shariah Committee. In measuring the IFIs compliance to the Shariah, SGF requires regular internal Shariah reviews and Shariah audit. This paper aims to identify the independence and competency quality that requires for human capital development in Shariah audit. This research adapts focus group study conducted with the stakeholders of IFIs which consist of regulators, IFIs management, employees and shareholders. The results from this study indicate that Shariah auditors must possess Shariah and accounting knowledge. However, if the Shariah auditors do not have the necessary qualifications, their experiences in the Islamic banking could be considered. In terms of independence, the Shariah audit function shall currently attach to the internal audit department. The findings of the study could be used in developing syllabus and training modules for Shariah audit that reflects the Shariah requirements and also the industry's needs. Future research could be done by expanding the sample of the study that covers wider group of informants to achieve variety of feedbacks from the Shariah audit experts.

This study investigates the feasibility of outsourcing tax audit work in Malaysian tax system to enhance administration efficiency, to curb tax evasion and abusive avoidance, and to improve revenue collection without introducing a new tax. The current tax audit, carried out by internal auditors of Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia, could only be performed on a small numbers of taxpayers due to high administrative cost in terms of audit cost and cost to employ and train more audit personnel. Nevertheless, without tax audit, tax non-compliance activity could not be curbed and government would be at high risk of losing its revenue. One of the possible ways to increase audit work is through strategic outsourcing. However, decision to outsource tax work should be critically examined because outsourcing of tax audit is a policy that could potentially affect every taxpayer. This paper discusses the views of the stakeholders (tax authorities, the taxpayers and tax agents) on the value of tax audit outsourcing. Using a mixed method approach, this study finds contradicting opinions on the idea of implementing external tax audit in Malaysia. While the tax authorities are hesitant to the idea, the companies as tax payers and the tax agents show favorable responds to the implementation of outsourced tax audit in Malaysia.