Since Malaysia is heading towards being a global Halal hub, this research is very crucial to give ideas on the receptions of Muslim consumers towards Halal branding. The objectives of the research are to measure the awareness of consumers towards Halal products particularly in the food product line, to determine whether the Halal logo has any influence in consumer purchase decision, to determine whether religion has any influence in purchasing Halal food products, to identify the relationship between brand image and the existence of Halal logo with the customer's purchase decisions, and to identify the relationship between price and the existence of Halal logo with the customer's purchase decision. A survey was conducted on selected 1075 samples from Johor, Malacca, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Penang, and Pahang. In terms of research tools, the researchers use descriptive analysis to analyze the frequency of each variable, factor analysis to reduce the number of variables and to detect structure in the relationship between the variables or to classify the variables, mean to measure the awareness of consumers towards halal products. For further analysis this study applied the Chi-square to determine whether the Halal certification has any influence in consumer purchase decision. ANOVA is used to determine whether religion has any influence in purchasing Halal food products. A correlation analysis is being done to analyze the relationship between variables such as brand image and price and the existence of Halal certification with the customer's purchase decisions. One significant finding is that the respondents agree that Halal products are for everybody and not only confined to Muslims consumption. Apart from that, they also believe that the Halal certification should not only be given to companies owned by Bumiputera. On the manufacturers' side, they have to improve the quality, design and packaging as well as adding values to their current products. On the government side, they have impose stricter regulation regarding Halal certification and also make grants available to Muslim entrepreneurs in terms of product development.

Since Malaysia is heading towards being a global Halal hub, this study is very crucial to give ideas on the receptions of Muslims consumers towards Halal branding. The objective of the research is to measure the awareness of consumers towards Halal products particularly in the food industry. The study tries to identify the factors that contribute to Halal branding using factor analysis. Consumer's data were collected based on 1075 samples from all states in Malaysia. The findings show that there are 11 factors that could contribute to Halal Branding awareness which are promotion, place, attractive and quality, Halal certification, price, product samples, market demand, SME producers, Halal certification to Muslim companies, differences between Halal certified and non-Halal certified and clean operation. Further analysis using the logistic regression found that there are six factors contribute significantly to the importance of Halal branding. The factors are attractive and quality, Halal certification, market demand, SME producers, different between Halal certified and non-certified, and clean operation.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of government spending on the real total local output of the private sector in Jordan by focusing on time series analysis of selected variables during the period 1990 to 2018. The objective was achieved using the appropriate statistical tests such as data stability and co-integration tests. The variables analysed included the real governmental spending (RGP), the real total output of the Private Sector (RPSP), Remittances of Workers (RRE), Energy Prices (RPP) and Inflation Rate (RINR). This study found a long-term statistically significant correlation between government spending and GDP of the private sector. It also found that long-term complementary relationships exist between the real total local output of the private sector and the variables used in the study. The study recommends the Jordanian government implement a targeted fiscal policy to support the economic activities in the Kingdom, provide customs and tax exemptions and provide appropriate infrastructure to encourage the private sector to invest. This is in addition to providing an appropriate environment for investment and removing the obstacles to investment in general in order to attract the capital of Jordanians working abroad for domestic investment, and foreign investments. Keywords: Government Spending, Jordan, OLS Model, Private Sector

The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1995) defined “crisis” as “a time of great difficulty or danger or when an important decision must be made”. According on the situation, there are many definitions for the term "crisis" in use. It was initially used in the field of medicine to indicate the stage of a disease at which a significant development or change had occurred that was either critical to survival or death. The word "crisis" has, nevertheless, become often used in the 20th century. Five significant crises have been identified to give huge impact on Malaysian economy namely were the "early commodity crisis" between 1956 and 1972, the "first oil crisis" between 1973 and 1974, the "second commodity/oil crisis" between 1980 and 1981, the "electronic/third commodity crisis" between 1985 and 1986, and the "financial and currency crisis" between 1997 and 1998 followed by the 2008 Financial Crisis. Commodity crisis is a crisis that extends from the initial commodity crisis of 1956-72, the first oil crisis of 1973-74, the second commodity or oil crisis of 1980-81 and the third commodity or electronics crisis of 1985-86. Recently, the price of the energy and food has been raising again which can results in the next wave of commodity crisis for the country. The prices of food as a whole had gone up as can be seen in the prices of vegetables and poultry. The global food price index tracked by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations showed that in March 2022, it was almost 30 per cent higher year-on-year, hence, result in a really bad food price inflation experienced globally. With reference to energy price, although the world is facing an energy crisis where the demand for energy commodities exceeds supply and this is causing volatility in short-term pricing with global spot prices for natural gas reaching the highest level this year, reports by the government claimed that the impact of the energy crisis on Malaysia has not been alarming. Yet, necessary macroeconomies policies need to be identified to prevent unforeseen impact on the economic growth and society.