To date, specific questionnaire assessing knowledge on calcium supplement is unavailable. Thus, we aimed to develop and validate this questionnaire. Four areas of knowledge (calcium in general, dietary calcium, benefits and risk of calcium supplement, and practices that reduce its benefits) were identified through literature review and interviews with ten doctors. Twelve items were created in English and reviewed by two family medicine specialists, an orthopaedic surgeon, and a pharmacist. A bilingual (English-Malay) questionnaire was produced via back-to-back translation and face validity was tested on seven patients. Discriminative validation was done by comparing knowledge scores between patients, medical students and doctors. Test-retest reliability was tested with a two weeks interval. Subsequently, the questionnaire was piloted on 100 patients. The KnowCaS-12 scores of doctors were significantly higher than those of patients (p<0.001) and students (p<0.001), indicating good discriminative validity. Although the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.68, it had good test-retest reliability [Spearman’s rho correlation: 0.40, p=0.02; pre- and post-test score median (IQR): 8.00 (3.00) and 9.00 (2.00) respectively, p-value of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test: 0.08). The pilot study showed 52.5% of the participants took calcium supplement. Their median (IQR) for KnowCaS-12 was 7.00 (6.00), which was not significantly different from those who did not take calcium supplement. In conclusion, the bilingual KnowCaS-12 questionnaire appears to have good content validity, face validity, discriminative validity and test-retest reliability, thus it can be used for future studies. Practice of consuming calcium supplement seems to be common and users’ knowledge regarding calcium supplement was only moderate. Keywords: questionnaire design, validation studies, knowledge, calcium, dietary supplements

Leg cramps (LCs) are common in pregnancy and may affect pregnant mothers’ quality of life (QoL). However, studies to show this impact are still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of LCs with QoL among pregnant mothers. The magnitude and characteristics of LCs were assessed too. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a government health clinic in Hulu Langat, Selangor involving 99 mothers in their second or third trimesters, recruited through convenience sampling between March and April 2018. This study used a developed bilingual (Bahasa Malaysia and English) self-administered questionnaire on leg cramps proϐile, as well as the bilingual self-administered SF-12v2, to assess their QoL. About 71.7% experienced LCs during this pregnancy. About half experienced LCs once to twice a week and 63.4% had moderately painful LCs. Only 26.7% had severely painful LCs and 12.7% had the next-day soreness in all or most of the time. Gestational age (P=0.001) and booking Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=0.022) were signiϐicantly associated with LCs, but not their QoL (p=0.712 for PCS and p=0.118 for MCS). Generally, LCs were common among these pregnant mothers. However, LCs appear to be brief, infrequent, and mild which did not signiϐicantly affect their QoL. Nevertheless, LCs should not be disregarded, as a subgroup of them experienced severe LCs with the next day soreness who may need further assessment and treatment.