This study aims to explore the effect of human resource management practices on labour productivity in the Libyan national oil corporation. Labour productivity demands high staff selection and job training, decentralised decision making and high employees' motivation of the human factors. Hypothetical deductive approach was used to carry out the research through structural equation modelling. This study involved a cross sectional survey through 339 respondents among three top Libyan national oil corporation. Results revealed that decentralised decision making and on-the-job training had a positive and significant relationship with labour productivity. Meanwhile, employees' motivation and staff selections were found to be non-significant in the Libyan context. The findings implied that the oil and gas industry must concentrate on the key antecedents of HRM in order to increased long-term productivity and turnover. The role of employees' motivation and staff selection as HRM practices contradict the results of previous studies that found these factors to be crucial for labour productivity. Thus, such relationships need to be further explored and investigated. The study commemorates the rising argument among researchers that organisational human resource policies can improve labour productivity and organisational goals. Labour productivity is significantly influenced by two major dimensions towards progressive HR practices. This study contributes to the existing empirical analyses of HRM practices and labour productivity.

This paper aims to analyze the application of Balaghah al-Badi (embellishments) in the following aspects. First, the aspect of motivation or encouragement in conducting good dealings in surah ad-Dhuha. Second, the secret of selecting certain words and their interpretations in terms of the meaning and stylistic semantics in the same surah. The knowledge of balaghah al-Quran illuminates the art and beautifulness of the Quran from rhetorical perspective. Surah ad-Dhuha describes the rhetoric from the embellishment perspective such as al-Tibaq (anti-thesis), al-Muqabalah (multithesis), al-Jinas and al-Saj'(rhymed prose). This qualitative study used Quran as the primary source of reference, while the secondary sources are the tafseer of Quran from the language aspects (al-Tafsir al-Lughawi) and books which are related to I'jaz al-Quran and Arabic balaghah. The findings indicate that the application of al-Badi in surah ad-Dhuha is not merely a hieroglyphic of the Quran, but without the element of al-Badi, it will lead to the distortion of meanings. The arrangement of the verses in this surah employs decorative elegance and it is one of the most effective ways in the educational process of human psyche. This study is one of the upward research areas in the applied Arabic rhetoric and hopefully it will provide a significant contribution to the interpretation and analysis of various themes in the Quran.

This study examined Arabic learners' motivation towards learning Arabic at the Academy of Islamic Studies, Nilam Puri, University Malaya. A total of 265 first and second year students, comprising of 99 males and 166 females, were randomly selected. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to categorize the questionnaire into latent factors. The analysis yielded six interpretable factors with eigenvalues greater than one, which accounted for 55.1% of proportion variance in Students' Motivation of Language Learning scores (SMLA). Regression analysis examined the direction, weight, and predictive ability for each predictor extracted from the PCA. The overall model was statistically significant, [F (7,229) = 20.10, MSE = 31.02, p=.001], and the set of the predictors accounted for 56% of the total variance explained by the model. Religious motivation, introjected regulation, and external regulation were found to be significantly correlated with intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, demotivation, motivation, gender, and age were found to be statistically insignificant. In conclusion, the study found that religious motivation was the main determinant in learning Arabic, although other factors such as introjected regulation and external regulation were also found to be significant factors.