Islam is religion of simplicity, moderation, just and perfect that leads its followers to the rightful path. Moderation is an important aspect in our daily life. Prophet Muhammad praise be upon him (PBUH) moderate lifestyle is a perfect exemplary. These exemplary has been adapted by previous Islamic scholars in their daily life thus they had emphasized the importance of understanding Al-Quran and Sunnah based on the understanding of previous pious predecessors. Some of the factors that had caused the digression are the diversion, misunderstanding and misinterpretation resulting to improper understanding of the concept on moderation. All these had caused misunderstanding and conflict of interests among us that had caused a disaster to the community. Results of the study found that the pious predecessors had drawn the concepts of moderations in five aspects of life. They are moderation in doing justice and goodness, doing pious deeds, in managing the economic and financial, in following the rightful path and finally moderation in leading our daily life following the exemplary of Prophet Muhammad PBUH.

Isomers of monothioureas, 2a-2d, derived from the reaction of disubstituted benzoyl isothiocyanate and dibenzylamine were synthesised and characterised by using elementary analysis CHNS and IR, H-1 NMR, and C-13 NMR spectroscopies. The compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity by using selected Gram-positive bacteria, and moderate inhibition activity was displayed for compound 2b with the value of inhibition zone 11 +/- 0.8 mm at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. The outcomes of Lipinski's rule of five assessment appeared to be in agreement with all compounds as they adhered to most of the rules, in which they can be preliminarily classified as active drug-like. The frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) for halogen-substituted 3,4-dichloro (2a) and 3,4-difluoro (2b) were also determined by applying the computational method of density functional theory (DFT) to determine their relationship as a molecular descriptor in antibacterial activities. The value of LUMO energy for compound 2b (1.8229 eV) is lower than that of compound 2a (1.8492 eV) which indicates higher antibacterial activities.

Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen with multiple antibiotic resistance that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA with increased resistance to currently available antibiotics has challenged the world to develop new therapeutic agents. Stigmasterol and lupeol, from the plant Phyllanthus columnaris, exhibit antibacterial activities against MRSA. The aim of this study was to utilise next-generation sequencing (NGS) to provide further insight into the novel transcriptional response of MRSA exposed to stigmasterol and lupeol. Methods: Time-kill analysis of one MRSA reference strain (ATCC 43300) and three clinical isolates (WM3, BM1 and KJ7) for both compounds was first performed to provide the bacteriostatic/bactericidal profile. Then, MRSA ATCC 43300 strain treated with both compounds was interrogated by NGS. Results: Both stigmasterol and lupeol possessed bacteriostatic properties against all MRSA tested; however, lupeol exhibited both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties within the same minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values against BM1 (12.5 mg/mL). Transcriptome profiling of MRSA ATCC 43300 revealed significant modulation of gene expression with multiple desirable targets by both compounds, which caused a reduction in the translation processes leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and prevention of bacterial growth. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of both stigmasterol and lupeol as new promising anti-MRSA agents. (C) 2016 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tornwaldt (Thornwaldt) or nasopharyngeal cyst is a cyst occurred at the connection site of pharyngeal endoderm and notochord remnant, usually located in the midline postero-superior wall of nasopharynx. Nasopharynx's obstruction, recurrent infection or trauma may exacerbate mucous secretion by the potential space lining. Although rare and is usually symptomless, it is not uncommon for the patients to have some nasal, ear, cervical or oral symptoms. We report a case of Tornwaldt cyst with rare associated dental symptoms. The patient's initial presentations were dry mouth, cheek biting, post nasal drip and few nasal symptoms including frequent snoring, sleep apnoea, mouth breathing, sneezing, sore throat and itchiness. These symptoms were tremendously and immediately relieved once the cyst was surgically removed.