Akbar the Great (1556-1605) was a well-known Mughal (or Moghul) ruler and regarded as a great ruler due to his achievements in the military, politics, development and administration. In fact, he was regarded as the definitive founder of the Mughal Empire after his victory over an army led by Hemuin the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556. The victory has opened a way for Akbar to become the sole emperor in the Indian sub-continent and continued to wage wars against Hindu rajahs. To unify the vast Indian states under a single Mughal empire, Akbar introduced several administrative policies. The objective of this study is to analyze the Indian unification efforts under the Mughal Empire. This study is a a historical study employing a qualitative approach methodology as a means of gathering and analyzing of data. The gathering of data was done through search of documents while the historical review, content analysis and source interpretation were used to analyze the data. This study found that Akbar has implemented several policies to unify the whole of the Indian subcontinent in order to achieve his mission of �Mughal Union�. However, some of his policies were controversial and drew ire from the Indian Muslims as the policies were deemed unacceptable and deviated from the true teachings of Islam. The opposition to his ideas did not however hinder him from achieving his political missions. This article, therefore, must be read as an exposition of a political figure�s efforts in his maneuver to consolidate his position. In addition to that, this article serves as an effort to analyze Akbar�s political approach which was deemed as attempts to proliferate Mughal political power through measures which �subdued� Islam with the aim of creating unity of the people and hence creating �Mughal Union�. � IAEME Publication.

This article covers official observatories in Malaysia on their historical aspects of establishment and development. The observatories were built for the advancement of the science of falak in Malaysia in the fields of research, education and tourism. However, studies on observatory are few in numbers in spite of it being an important Islamic institution apart from mosques and schools. Hence, this study was carried out to examine the development history of official observatories in Malaysia. This research employed a qualitative method via document analyses, interviews and observations. It was found that the history of the establishment of official observatory in Malaysia commenced in the 1980’s and the institution rapidly grew until 2014. Up to date, there are eight official observatories in Malaysia excluding hilal observation stations, mobile observatories and private observatories, be they mobile or stationary.