Two different types of fermented shrimps locally known as belacan and cincaluk are amongst the most common fermented products consumed in Malaysia. Proximate composition of these products were analysed which include moisture, ash, protein, and fat. Total carbohydrate was calculated using difference of the value of each nutrient. Water activity, salt concentration, pH, and colour of each product were also measured for both fermented shrimp product. Results revealed that cincaluk has higher moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate content, and water activity but lower content of sodium and pH value in comparison to belacan. The results for both products are also comparable with the other types of fermented shrimp products from different country, respectively. � 2020, Malaysian Society of Applied Biology. All rights reserved.

The objective of this study was to compare and determine the optimal sample preparation techniques to observe the adherence of probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillaceae sp. to human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. Different fixation time and coating thickness were compared to evaluate the integrity and quality of image observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Based on the qualitative assessments, the one-hour fixation was proposed as a promising fixation period as it is better than overnight fixation in terms of showing clearer parts and the adhesive features on the surface of both bacteria and HT-29 cells. Platinum sputter-coating step is recommended at shorter time to increase conductivity of sample and reduce electron beam damage. Thicker platinum coat could obscure fine structural visualization although it helps in eliminating charging during the imaging process. This finding provides an important sample preparation optimization to enable better structural integrity and quality of image captured using FESEM.