Reservoir is one of the emergency environments that required fast an accurate decision to reduce flood risk during heavy rainfall and contain water during less rainfall. Typically, during heavy rainfall, the water level increase very fast, thus decision of the water release is timely and crucial task. In this paper, intelligent decision support model based on neural network (NN) is proposed. The proposed model consists of situation assessment, forecasting and decision models. Situation assessment utilized temporal data mining technique to extract relevant data and attribute from the reservoir operation record. The forecasting model utilize NN to perform forecasting of the reservoir water level, while in the decision model, NN is applied to perform classification of the current and changes of reservoir water level. The simulations have shown that the performances of NN for both forecasting and decision models are acceptably good.

Reservoir water release decision is one of the critical actions in determining the quantity of water to be retained or released from the reservoir. Typically, the decision is influenced by the reservoir inflow that can be estimated based on the rainfall recorded at the reservoir's upstream areas. Since the rainfall is recorded at several different locations, the use of temporal pattern alone may not be appropriate. Hence, in this study a spatial temporal pattern was used to retain the spatial information of the rainfall's location. In addition, rainfall recorded at different locations may cause fuzziness in the data representation. Therefore, a hybrid computational intelligence approach, namely the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), was used to develop a reservoir water release decision model. ANFIS integrates both the neural network and fuzzy logic principles in order to deal with the fuzziness and complexity of the spatial temporal pattern of rainfall. In this study, the Timah Tasoh reservoir and rainfall from five upstream gauging stations were used as a case study. Two ANFIS models were developed and their performances were compared based on the lowest square error achieved from the simulation conducted. Both models utilized the spatial temporal pattern of the rainfall as input. The first model considered the current reservoir water level as an additional input, while the second model retained the existing input. The result indicated that the application of ANFIS could be used successfully for modeling reservoir water release decision. The first model with the additional input showed better performance with the lowest square error compared to the second model.

Reservoir is one of the structural approaches for flood mitigation and water supply. During heavy raining season, reservoir operator has to determine fast and accurate decision in order to maintain both reservoir and downstream river water level. In contrast to less rainfall season, the reservoir needs to impound water for the water supply purposes. This study is aimed to model human expert decision making specifically on reservoir water release decision. Reservoir water release decision is crucial as reservoir serve multi purposes. The reservoir water release decision pattern that comprises of upstream rainfall and current reservoir water level has been form using sliding window technique. The computational intelligence method called artificial neural network was used to model the decision making.

The reservoir is one of flood mitigation methods that aim to reduce the effect of flood at downstream flood prone areas. At the same time the reservoir also serves other purposes. Through modelling, how the reservoir operator made decisions in the past can be revealed. Consequently, the information can be used to guide reservoir operator making present decision especially during emergency situations such as flood and drought. This paper discussed modelling of reservoir water release decision using Neural Network (NN) and the temporal pattern of reservoir water level. Temporal pattern is used to represent the time delay as the rainfall upstream may not directly raise the reservoir water level. The flow of water may take some time to reach the reservoir due to the location. Seven NN models have been developed and tested. The findings show that the NN model with 5-25-1 architecture demonstrate the best performance compare to the other models.

Student's placement in industry for the industrial training is difficult due to the large number of students and organizations involved. Further the matching process is complex due to the various criteria set by the organization and students. This paper will discuss the results of a pattern extraction process using a clustering algorithm that is k-means. The data use consists of Bachelor of Information Technology and Bachelor in Multimedia students of Universiti Utara Malaysia from the year 2004 till 2005. The experiments were conducted using undirected data and directed data. The pattern extracted gave information on the previous matching process done by the university.