RE as an alternative source of energy in Malaysia is still at premature stage of its development and adoption. This is mainly due to lack of public awareness and participation toward new technology advancement. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine and present a proposed theoretical model on the relationship between public participation by measuring their willingness to pay for energy generated from RE resources and its determinants that influenced the willingness to pay level. Awareness on RE, degree of knowledge on RE, willingness to adopt RE technology, environmental concern and attitude toward RE usage are constructed as the five selected determinants. The relationship between the determinants and public participation is illustrated using theoretical framework because it allows the reader to understand how public participation that measured by willingness to pay level are being influenced. Thus, ten hypotheses on the correlation and causal effect between the dependent and independent variables are developed. Quantitative research methods will be used to achieve the research objectives. A questionnaire on 5-point likert scale will be developed and collected from 500 respondents through systematic sampling method at Kiang Valley, Malaysia. Correlation of the variables will be analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and ordered probit model will be used to measure the causal effect between the variables. These efforts are useful to ensure future success of RE development in Malaysia.

One of Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry (MESI) objectives is to ensure Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) economic viability based on a fair economic electricity pricing. In meeting such objective, a framework that investigates the effect of cost of service (COS) on revenue is in great need. This paper attempts to present a conceptual framework that illustrate the distribution of the COS among TNB's various cost centres which are subsequently redistributed in varying quantities among all of its customer categories. A deep understanding on the concepts will ensure optimal allocation of COS elements between different sub activities of energy production processes can be achieved. However, this optimal allocation needs to be achieved with respect to the imposed TNB revenue constraint. Therefore, the methodology used for this conceptual approach is being modelled into four steps. Firstly, TNB revenue requirement is being examined to ensure the conceptual framework addressed the requirement properly. Secondly, the revenue requirement is unbundled between three major cost centres or business units consist of generation, transmission and distribution and the cost is classified based on demand, energy and customers related charges. Finally, the classified costs are being allocated to different customer categories i.e. Household, Commercial, and Industrial. In summary, this paper proposed a conceptual framework on the cost of specific services that TNB currently charging its customers and served as potential input into the process of developing revised electricity tariff rates. On that purpose, the finding of this COS study finds cost to serve customer varies with the voltage level that customer connected to, the timing and the magnitude of customer demand on the system. This COS conceptual framework could potentially be integrated into a particular tariff structure and serve as a useful tool for TNB.

In 2009, government of Malaysia has announced a National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan as part of their commitment to accelerate the growth in renewable energies (RE). However, an adoption of RE as a main source of energy is still at an early stage due to lack of public awareness and acceptance on RE. Up to date, there are insufficient studies done on the reasons behind this lack of awareness and acceptance. Therefore, this paper is interested to investigate the public acceptance towards development of RE by measuring their willingness to pay slightly more for energy generated from RE sources, denote as willingness level and whether the importance for the electricity to be supplied at absolute lowest possible cost regardless of source and environmental impact, denote as importance level and other socioeconomic factors could improve their willingness level. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used to achieve the research objectives. A total of 164 respondents from local universities in Malaysia participated in a survey to collect this relevant information. Using Ordered Probit model, the study shows that among the relevant socio-economic factors, age seems to be an important factor to influence the willingness level of the respondents. This paper concludes that younger generation are more willing to pay slightly more for energy generated from RE sources as compared to older generation. One of the possible reason may due to better information access by the younger generation on the RE issues and its positive implication to the world. Finding from this paper is useful to help policy maker in designing RE advocacy programs that would be able to secure public participation. These efforts are important to ensure future success of the RE policy.

There are still limited numbers of studies on existing measures of public participation towards RE development in Malaysia. The developments of the measurement for assessing public participation also seem to require some extent of revalidation. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the factor structure of public participation that measured by willingness to pay level and it determinants that influence the public willingness to pay. The items of this developed scale were derived from previous published quantitative study. Validity and reliability of the instruments were assessed with EFA. One hundred and seventy two public had participated in this study. Results from this exploratory study revealed that the originally validated form of every factor structure (Willingness to pay (WTP), Awareness on RE (ARE), Knowledge on RE (KRE), Willingness to adopt RE technology (WTA) and Attitude towards RE usage (AURE)) except for Environmental concern (EC) did not, perform as per previous literatures within this research context. Therefore, a total of 16-items revised in public participation toward RE measurement might be better suited for use within the selected population. However, all the revised factor structure of WTP, ARE, KRE, WTA, EC and AURE had a good reliability measured by the following Cronbach's Alpha, alpha(WTP) = 0.897, alpha(ARE) = 0.932, alpha(KRE) = 0.833, alpha(WTA) = 0.901, alpha(EC) = 0.914 and alpha(AURE) = 0.826. This information provides preliminary evidence that the public participation towards RE instrument is a reliable and a valid measure that can be used to provide the data regarding RE development in Malaysia. However, this study sample size maybe viewed as relatively small, thus, future study should cross validate the results by engaging larger sample size.