Ethnopharmacological relevance: Dillenia suffruticosa (Family: Dilleniaceae) locally known as Simpoh air has been reported to be used traditionally to treat cancerous growth. Therefore, the present study was attempted to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of different parts (root, flower, fruit and leaf) of D. suffruticosa extracts. Methods and materials: In this study, direct solvent extraction (aqueous and methanol) from different parts of D. suffruticosa (root, flower, fruit and leaf) were carried out. Antioxidant activities of D. suffruticosa extract were determined by using DPPH, ABTS FRAP and ?-carotene bleaching assays. Cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest of the active extract were determined using MTT assay and flow cytometer, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction (hexane, DCM, EtOAc, and MeOH) were also carried out in root of D. suffruticosa to further evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the different solvent extracts. Results: Methanol (MeOH) root extract showed the highest TPC, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities (especially towards HeLa) compared to others (P<0.05). Based on the results, sequential solvent extraction (hexane, DCM, EtOAc and MeOH) was carried out in the roots of D. suffruticosa. MeOH extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among others and significantly correlated (P<0.05) with TPC, suggesting the important contribution of phenolic compounds to its antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the DCM and EtOAc exhibited higher cytotoxic activity to selected cancer cells (HeLa, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, A549 and HT29) compared to others. In short, there is no established correlation between antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of D. suffruticosa extracts indicating that an agent with high antioxidant activities will not necessarily possesses good cytotoxic activities in return. Qualitative phytochemical screening of D. suffruticosa extracts suggested the presence of saponins, triterpenes, sterols, and polyphenolic compounds which are believed to contribute to the cytotoxic activities. Conclusion: It is suggested that the cytotoxicity of the active extracts in HeLa was due to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. � 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

The link performance prediction is important to ensure sufficient customer link margin and transmission availability. In this paper, a link budget prediction tool for analyzing and comparing predicted and measured C/N and Eb/N0 using a typical link margin and transmission availability been developed using Matlab. A study was conducted in ASTRO's uplink station facility in Cyberjaya on 13.2 m and 0.6 m downlink antenna. It was shown that the C/N and Eb/N0 measured value for both antennas were about � 3 dB as compared to predicted values. The link margin for both values was found sufficient in the worst case condition due to signal attenuation. For 13.2 m antenna, C/N's link margin is 12 dB and E b/N0's link margin is 8.1 dB while for 0.6 m, C/N's link margin is 3.5 dB and Eb/N0's link margin is 5.8 dB. The total transmission availability conforms to the standard which was promised to their customer with more than 99.7% availability. � 2009 IEEE.

At high altitude, low oxygen partial pressure predisposes human body to hypobaric hypoxia that may lead to high-altitude illness. Currently, singing had been used for rehabilitation of patients with lung diseases but its role in high-altitude low oxygen environment is still scarce. This study aims to examine the effect of singing in improving oxygen saturation at different levels of high altitudes in a hypobaric chamber. Eight healthy volunteers were assigned to three interventions at three simulated altitudes (sea level, 3000 m and 5000 m). The oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured via pulse oximetry under three conditions: no singing (NS), singing aloud (SA), and singing silently (SS). The “birthday song” was used as the standard song for 4 minutes. At sea level, mean NS SpO2 was 97.75% ± 1.04%. With SS, the level increased to 98.25% ± 1.04%. Mean SA SpO2 increased to 98.38% ± 0.92% (P < 0.05). At 3000 m, mean NS SpO2 was 92.75% ± 3.73% and rose to 94.50% ± 2.51% and 94.63% ± 2.00% respectively with SA and SS (P < 0.05). At 5000 m, NS level of 79.88P ± 3.60% increased to 82.13 ± 5.87 and 82.88% ± 7.12% with SA and SS respectively (P < 0.05). The repeated measure ANOVA showed significant difference for altitude (P < 0.001) and intervention (P = 0.05). In conclusion, singing both either “aloud” or “silently” significantly increased the level of SpO2 in simulated high altitude at 3000 m and above. The study suggests that singing as a potential intervention to improve oxygen saturation at high altitudes. Study with larger sample in hypobaric chamber as well as in real environment is recommended. © 2020 The Voice Foundation

Out-of-wedlock pregnancy among adolescents has become a social issue in today's global society. In Malaysia, statistics (Department of National Statistics of Malaysia) show that in the years 2000-2008, there were 257,000 births registered without father. In the context of the Muslim community in Malaysia, pregnancy outside of legal marriage is something contrary to the norms, moral values, culture and religion of society. Such pregnant adolescents would be placed in a shelter and rehabilitation centre run by the government or an NGO. The aim is to give protection, moral and spiritual support, so that the adolescents may be psychologically restored and they would not repeat the same mistake after the intervention. The purpose of this study is to examine the syllabus of the spiritual education module that has been implemented by a shelter home, the Harapan Secondary School Rehabilitation Centre. An Islamic Practice Instrument (IPIfariza) Questionnaire was administered to 38 pregnant adolescents at the rehabilitation centre which conducted this spiritual education module. Data was analyzed to assess the spiritual level of adolescents after undergoing the intervention process through learning and training in this module. The results of this study show that the level of spirituality among adolescents improved in three categories namely faith, worship and morality. The study also finds that adolescents' knowledge relating to religious and moral values also increased. Overall, the study finds that the spiritual education module has a positive impact on the adolescents psychology and spirituality. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the perceptions of non-Muslim tourists towards halal tourism in Malaysia and Turkey. It also investigates the extent to which non-Muslim tourists are willing to purchase certain types of halal products and services. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative data were collected by conducting 35 semi-structured interviews with non-Muslim tourists in Malaysia and another 25 in Turkey. Findings: Six major aspects are identified that describe the perceptions of non-Muslim tourists towards halal tourism. This paper also provides some suggestions for destination marketers on how best to cater for Western tourists and increase international arrivals. Originality/value: This paper explores the perceptions of non-Muslim tourists towards halal tourism which is totally new research in destination marketing. It provides some original insights into the interactions between the religion of Islam and non-Muslim tourists. The insight should be of value to authorities, the industry and academics in both the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds. � 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited.