Telerehabilitation (TeleRehab) is the modern innovation used for rehabilitation service. Evidence in favor of readiness among healthcare personnel in adopting TeleRehab is limited. Since “readiness” is a crucial prerequisite to the successful implementation of an innovation, studying the healthcare personnel readiness for TeleRehab is mandatory to gain a better understanding of the relationships among the factors. The main aim of this paper is to determine the relationship among the readiness factors of healthcare personnel and to identify the most influential factors from the recommended readiness list with the help of ISM approach. The study has been conducted in three different phases: the identification of readiness factors from reviewing the literature, interviews with personnel healthcare, and determining the relationship among the readiness factors and its most influential factor. Twelve (12) relevant readiness factors have been identified from reviewing the literature and interviews with experts. Through the use of ISM, five (5) factors have been identified as driver factors; another five (5) factors have been identified as the linkage factors and two (2) factors have been identified as the dependence factors. No factor has been identified as autonomous factor. Out of which, one (1) factor has been identified as top-level factor and one (1) bottom level factor. Clear understanding of these readiness factors will help healthcare institutions to better prioritize and manage their human resource, healthcare personnel in an efficient and effective way to adopt TeleRehab. The proposed structured model developed will help to understand relationship of the readiness factors.

TeleRehab enables the rehabilitation services to be delivered in distance by providing information exchange between patient with disabilities and the clinical professionals. The readiness step in any adoption of healthcare services should always be one of the requirements for a successful implementation of an innovation. However, little scholarly has been undertaken to study its influence on TeleRehab and the various barrier factors that influence its adoption. This research explores the barrier factors that influence the readiness of healthcare institution to adopt TeleRehab. This paper presents a semi-structured interview involving 23 clinical professionals of a case study on the issues of TeleRehab readiness in one rehabilitation centre in Malaysia. By applying thematic analysis, the study uncovers seven barriers that affect the TeleRehab readiness. This includes barriers of no urgency to change, less awareness, less involvement in planning, not enough exposure on e-Healthcare knowledge, resistance to change, low usage of hardware and software, and less connectivity. The study contributes to both TeleRehab management and technology readiness research in hospitals. � Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Despite the increased interest of academic scholar in telerehabilitation implementation, there is a scarcity of studies that provide an up to date comprehensive research on it. This study provides a systematic literature review (SLR) on telerehabilitation implementation research. This review explores the processes involved in telerehabilitation implementation, research themes and the factors that influence the implementation of telerehabilitation at pre-implementation stage. In doing this, all relevant articles in the electronic databases of Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE and Web of Science that published from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed. The results show that four themes have been paid attention by the researchers' including adoption, benefits, readiness and decision making. The factors in the adoption and readiness were found more dominant than others with seven and six factors respectively. Most of the factors from adoption were in the quality aspects (e.g., system quality, information quality and service quality) while change elements (e.g., attributes of the change, attributes of the change targets) in the readiness. Thus, this study suggests that more research is needed for understanding this complex process of telerehabilitation at pre-implementation in a more holistic manner. � 2018 The Authors.