The losses of developing countries from landmines accidents are very large. Thus, the need for new techniques to improve the efficiency of Landmines tracking systems is evident. In the recent years, many of research efforts have been directed to develop new and improved landmine detection methods. However, the increased costs of improving these methods led to drive up their prices. Thus they will not be available to the general public. The aim of this paper is to find a cheap and an effective method to help people for protecting and warning them from landmines risk during practiced their daily lives. In this context, this paper presents the design and development of framework for a Wireless Intelligent Landmines Tracking System (IWLTS) using mobile phone based on GPS and fuzzy logic. Proposed framework is really very helpful for the users who living near mine affected areas to track their children and themselves through Smart phones from landmines risk.

The World Management and Research Institute (INFAD) is one of the excellence centres in USIM responsible for providing information and consultation on various aspects of fatwa management and research. The main objective of INFAD is to bring awareness to society on various dimensions of fatwa and their relationships to the implementation of Islamic law in different contexts and localities as well as to eliminate confusion concerning Islamic law and promote understanding and unity among the Muslims. ICT technology and knowledge management tools were used as the main vehicles to achieve this objective. This paper outlines efforts currently undertaken by INFAD to develop a comprehensive Fatwa Management System. The initiative started in July 2003 with the development of a portal to collect and disseminate fatwa in three languages i.e. Malay, English and Arabic. About 10,000 of fatwa and related information in this country and from some parts of the world has been collected. Continuous efforts to improve the portal to address current needs at national level as well as to provide more attractive information exchanges and dissemination platform at the international level is currently going on. The first step in this initiative is to find a standard ICT architecture that can be used to develop an integrated knowledge management system for fatwa management and research in this country. Among the main feature of this architecture is to help streamline content management in fatwa management at the various Jabatan Fatwa Negeri adopting decentralized information collection and dissemination system. A more intelligent search engine that integrate search across all the three languages used incorporating comprehensive computer-based fatwa taxonomy for global content was also developed.

The main challenges that modern organizations are facing in developing countries nowadays with regards to implementing the e-commerce applications are the factors that affect the level of usability and security of ecommerce applications. Attracting online consumers to purchase online through e-commerce applications is not an easy task and many organizations in developing countries like Libya are facing obstacles to get advantages from ecommerce applications and enhance the trust of customers in order to increase online sales through the development of usability of e-commerce applications installed in their websites. The study will discuss the technical problems associated with implementing and maintaining the high usable e-commerce applications for successful business online, and will evaluate the best solutions to overcome the obstacles that prevent the development of e-commerce applications with high quality and security. This study will contribute to the literatures through developing secure e-commerce applications framework featured with high usability, trustworthy and security that enhance online consumer perception to buy product online with full confidence. The technical security issues will be discussed in terms of providing secure online payment mechanisms for e-commerce application, and discuss the importance of secure payment mechanisms from customer perceptions.

During the World War I ,II over fifty countries in the world today have been inherited a legacy of antipersonnel landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) which represents a major threat to lives, and hinders reconstruction and development efforts. Landmines have specific properties that make it harder to detect .Therefore; these properties lead landmine detectors to become more complex. Many examples can be found to address the increasing complexity of Landmines detection; unfortunately, these new techniques are high of cost and need experts to deal with it. Many developing countries face financial difficulties to get advanced technologies for detection landmines such as Robotic systems, this due to their high cost, use and maintenance difficulties which makes them unaffordable to these countries. The safety of operators, transportability, ease of maintenance and operation are the most factors that must take into consideration to improve the applicability and effectiveness of landmines tracking systems.The aim of the study is to proposed architecture of Intelligent Wireless Landmines Tracking System (IWLTS) with new decision model based on fuzzy logic. To find an affordable, light and easy to use alternative which meet users’ needs to protect and warn them from the risk of landmines during practice their lives, we suggested the design and development of Fuzzy Inference Model for IWLTS using Smart Phone. Fuzzy model require three step which are definitions of Linguistic Variable and fuzzy sets, determine fuzzy rules and the process of Fuzzy Inference. Designed Fuzzy Inference Model gives both: Landmine risk value in percentage and alert to avoid that risk.

Objectives: As a result of signal transmission in WiMAX too long distance, and because there are many request packets arrive at WiMAX gateway request handovers, this cost a congestion which may result in loss or delay in packet time sensitive. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the delay when packets with real time sensitive handover in WiMAX gateway and to measure and enhance the handover performance. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To overcome this problem, and achieve the objectives is propose a new scheme Resource Reservation Protocol & Random Early Detection with Weighted Fair Queuing (RR-WFQ) in order to analyze and enhance delay for real time packet in WiMAX gateway. This schema applies all Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Random Early Detection (RED), and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) as a Scheduling, RED as a mechanism and RSVP as a signaling protocol. Findings: The proposed scheme enhances the QoS by minimizing the delay in WiMAX gateway and BS. The scheme enhances the delay in all queues in a gateway, and video conferencing. The result of the scheme shows an enhancement delay in the WiMAX gateway. Application/ Improvements: Mathematical analysis and modeling have been done using queuing theory. Simulation has been done using OPNET simulation. Simulation results for the new approach confirms that has minimized delay in WiMAX gateway and BS the gateway and enhances the QoS.