The complexation reaction of Co2+ (M) and the 1,1-diethyl-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)thiourea (L) ligand in the binary mixtures: acetonitrile-dimethylsulfoxide (MeCN-DMSO), acetonitrile-dichloromethane (MeCN-DCM), water-dimethylsulfoxide (H2O-DMSO) and acetonitrile-water (MeCN-H2O), was investigated using a conductometric method at temperatures of (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K. In all cases, the conductance data showed that the stoichiometry of the neutral complex formed between M and L is 1:3 [M:3L], which indicates that the Co2+ ion was oxidized to Co3+ during the reaction. The best estimate of the stability constant, log10 K f, = 3.31 for the [CoL3] complex, was observed with the MeCN-DCM (20:80 %) binary mixture at 298.15 K. The values of the thermodynamic parameters (i.e., ?Gc� and ? Sc�) for the formation of the [CoL3] complex were obtained from the temperature dependence of the stability constant via van't Hoff plots. The results show that, in most cases, the [CoL3] complexes are enthalpy destabilized but entropy stabilized. The values and signs of the thermodynamic parameters are affected by the nature and composition of the mixed solvents but are independent of the temperature. � 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

In the title compound, C14H18N2O2S, the piperidine ring has a chair conformation. Its mean plane is twisted with respect to the 4-methoxybenzoyl ring, with a dihedral angle of 63.0 (3). The central N-C( S)-N(H)-C( O) bridge is twisted with an N-C-N-C torsion angle of 74.8 (6). In the crystal, molecules are linked by N-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the c-axis direction. Adjacent chains are linked by C-H...φ interactions, forming layers parallel to the ac plane. The layers are linked by offset φ-φ interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.927 (3) Å ], forming a supramolecular three-dimensional structure.

In the title compound, C13H16N2O2S, the pyrrolidine ring has a twisted conformation on the central - CH2-CH2- bond. Its mean plane is inclined to the 4-methoxybenzoyl ring by 72.79 (15)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N - H⋯O and C - H⋯O hydrogen bonds to the same O-atom acceptor, forming chains along [001]. The chains are linked via slipped parallel π-π interactions [inter-centroid distance = 3.7578 (13) Å], forming undulating slabs parallel to (100).

This study was carry out to investigate the effect of 3% rhodium on the reduction behaviour of iron oxide by (10%, v/v) carbon monoxide in nitrogen as a reductant. The Rh/Fe2O3 samples were prepared by impregnation method and the reduction behavior of Rh/Fe2O3 and pure Fe2O3 were investigated by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The prepared samples and the reduced phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results indicate that Rh/Fe2O3 give a better reducibility compared to Fe2O3 with a complete reduction at 650 �C, which is 250 �C lower than Fe2O3. The TPR results indicate that the reduction of Fe2O3 proceed in three steps reduction (Fe2O3 ? Fe3O4 ? FeO ? Fe) with Fe3O4 and FeO as intermediate states while for Rh/Fe2O3 as the TPR result showed the overlapping of second and third peak (Fe3O4 ? FeO and FeO ? Fe) at higher temperature. Addition of Rh may possibly reduce the formation of stable FeO that stable at higher temperature by accelerates the direct reduction of Fe3O4? Fe so the reduction process of Fe2O3 become faster. The XRD pattern shows the diffraction peaks of Rh/Fe2O3 is more intense with improved crystallinity for the characteristic peaks of Fe2O3 compared to pure Fe2O3. No visible sign of rhodium particles peaks in the XRD spectrum that indicates the Rh particles loaded onto the iron oxide are well dispersed. The well dispersed Rh onto the iron oxide and the ability to reduce the sintering effect to the iron oxide also has been confirmed by FESEM. The study shows that addition of Rh gives a better reducibility of iron oxide is also due to the ability of Rh to interact with CO as confirmed by the thermodynamic data with higher surface area compared to Fe2O3. � 2017, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved.