Browsing by Author "Khairul Nabilah Zainul Ariffin"
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Publication Advancements In Monitoring water Quality Based On Various Sensing Methods: A Systematic Review(MDPI, 2022) ;Siti Nadhirah Zainurin ;Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail ;Siti Nurul Iman Mahamud ;Irneza Ismail ;Juliza Jamaludin ;Khairul Nabilah Zainul AriffinWan Maryam Wan Ahmad KamilNowadays, water pollution has become a global issue affecting most countries in the world. Water quality should be monitored to alert authorities on water pollution, so that action can be taken quickly. The objective of the review is to study various conventional and modern methods of monitoring water quality to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the methods. The methods include the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual sensing, cyber-physical system (CPS), and optical techniques. In this review, water quality monitoring systems and process control in several countries, such as New Zealand, China, Serbia, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and India, are discussed. Conventional and modern methods are compared in terms of parameters, complexity, and reliability. Recent methods of water quality monitoring techniques are also reviewed to study any loopholes in modern methods. We found that CPS is suitable for monitoring water quality due to a good combination of physical and computational algorithms. Its embedded sensors, processors, and actuators can be designed to detect and interact with environments. We believe that conventional methods are costly and complex, whereas modern methods are also expensive but simpler with real-time detection. Traditional approaches are more time-consuming and expensive due to the high maintenance of laboratory facilities, involve chemical materials, and are inefficient for on-site monitoring applications. Apart from that, previous monitoring methods have issues in achieving a reliable measurement of water quality parameters in real time. There are still limitations in instruments for detecting pollutants and producing valuable information on water quality. Thus, the review is important in order to compare previous methods and to improve current water quality assessments in terms of reliability and cost-effectiveness. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Dc Analysis Of Gaas/Alas Single Barrier Asymmetric Spacer Tunnel Diode(Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 2020-10-15) ;Effah Jamil ;Shahnurriman Abdul Rahman ;Marinah OthmanKhairul Nabilah Zainul AriffinAfter Leo Esaki had reported the first tunnel diode in the early of 1960, there are development of Asymmetric Spacer Tunnel (ASPAT) diode. This device appears to have unique I-V characteristic, where it has zero turn on bias with minimum leakage current. Hence, with respects to this unique characteristics, this study will perform the physical modelling of Gallium Arsenide/ Aluminium Arsenide (GaAs/AlAs) of single barrier asymmetric spacer tunnel diode in COMSOL by considering all the parameters involved in designing the device such as the dimensions of ASPAT, the concentration, materials and numerical modelling involved. These parameters are significant in the calculation of current density when the device being applied with external voltage. At the end of this study, the I-V characteristics of ASPAT in COMSOL will be analysed and compared with the reported I-V characteristics of ASPAT diode in SILVACO to determine either it is reciprocated in terms of zero voltage switching and minimum reverse bias. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Delay-Aware 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellular Networks(Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 2021-09-09) ;Nurhajar Abdul Haddi ;Fauzun Abdullah AsuhaimiKhairul Nabilah Zainul AriffinThe potential of millimetre wave (mmWave) to provide dependability in 5G cellular networks has prompted the number of wireless communication network users to rise, indicating the progress of telecommunication standards. Despite the fact that the mmWave bands can support massive data rates, the effort required to deliver these data rates for end-to-end services while maintaining ultra-low-latency performance and reliability to support developing applications and use cases will necessitate a re-evaluation of all layers of the protocol stack. As a result, this paper examines millimetre wave characteristics and how they impact end-to-end transmission. In addition, this study examines the difficulties and potential solutions for offering dependable, end-to-end, and ultra-low-latency services in mmWave cellular networks. Aside from comparing mmWave and microwave, this article will also examine scheduling in order to mitigate the negative effects of intermittent connection in mmWave and fully use the capacity. This project's challenge and solution will be modelled using Deep Reinforcement Learning in order to do mathematical modelling and provide delay-propagation characteristics. Finally, the simulation results of physical modelling are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested technique. Keywords: Delay, millimetre wave, Scheduling - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Design Of A Low-Cost Automatic Disinfection Chamber(Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 2020-10-15) ;Hanis Izzuddin ;Khairul Nabilah Zainul Ariffin ;Mus'ab Sahrim ;Irneza Ismail ;Shahnurriman Abdul Rahman ;Liyana RamliMohammad Hamiruce MarhabanThis study aims to develop a disinfection chamber that is portable and equipped with an automatics disinfectant spray system. The automatic disinfection chamber works by implementing a mechatronics system design which involves the use of the sensor, controller, and actuator. Firstly, an ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the presence of a user at the entrance of the chamber. Then, a microcontroller that acts as a brain to the system processes the sensor reading and produces an electrical signal to activate the water pump (actuator). This allows the water pump to channel the disinfectant solution from the tank to the spray nozzle for the human disinfection procedure. The proposed disinfection chamber has several advantages including automatic operation with minimal human intervention, as well as a modular design for easy transportation and assembly. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Developing a Portable Spectrometer to Detect Chemical Contaminants in Irrigation Water(MDPI, 2023-06-06) ;Siti Nadhirah Zainurin ;Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail ;Wan Aina Nadhirah Wan Azlan ;Khairul Nabilah Zainul AriffinWan Maryam Wan Ahmad KamilWater pollution is a critical issue since it can severely affect health and the environment. The purpose of the study is to develop a portable spectrometer (ESP32-based spectrometer) to detect chemical contaminants in irrigation water by observing the light absorbance of contaminants. ESP32 and a light sensor (photodiode) were respectively, used as the main controller and detector of the portable spectrometer. It was developed based on optical dispersion and Beer–Lambert law theory. The light absorbance of different types of contaminants was displayed in a Blynk application for real-time monitoring. The samples were also tested using a lab-based spectroscopy method, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The spectral range of the measurement is from 350 nm to 700 nm and the standard error of the ESP32-based spectrometer is from 0.01 to 0.05. Five water samples were tested, consisting of ammonium nitrate, organic pesticide, zinc oxide and two different reservoirs used for irrigation. The absorption peaks of the ammonium nitrate and organic pesticide are 363 nm and 361 nm, respectively. Zinc oxide shows the absorbance peak at 405 nm, whereas both reservoirs show absorbance peaks lie in the region from 300 nm to 370 nm. Therefore, this study shows that different types of contaminants can absorb light only at specific wavelength regions by considering the concentration of samples. The developed ESP32-based spectrometer can be applied for on-site water quality monitoring as it is portable, light, simple and can be monitored in real time using multiple devices. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Driver Behaviour Monitoring And Alert System By Using Machine Learning(Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 2020-10-15) ;Nur Arina Hazwani Samsun Zaini ;Fauzun Abdullah Asuhaimi ;Liyana RamliKhairul Nabilah Zainul AriffinA person who experienced micro-sleep tends to have decreasing concentration in their driving and this is one of the reasons why the number of road accidents system was designed to detect the sypmtom of microsleep which is the drowsiness of the driver by putting emphasis on the driver’s eyes and mouth. The system utilized the machine learning algorithm, MATLAB simulator and a camera. The camera is pointed directly towards the driver’s face and when the camera captures features like drooping eyelids and yawning, an alarm will automatically set off to alert the driver and the condition of the driver. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication An Illegal Dumping Detection System Based on Image Processing in OpenALPR(Akademi Sains Malaysia, 2021-05) ;Nurul Kamilah Hussin ;Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail ;Fauzun Abdullah Asuhaimi ;Khairul Nabilah Zainul Ariffin ;Shahnurriman Abdul Rahman ;Nor Azlina Ab AzizSyahida SuhaimiTipping or depositing large waste onto land using unauthorized and unlicensed methods are considered as illegal dumping. The increasing rate of illegal dumping becomes a crucial nation issue because this activity causes negative impacts to social, economy and environment. Thus, study on detecting the dumping activities is conducted to control the illegal dumping activities in Malaysia. Raspberry Pi with Python language is used as the microprocessor and a Raspberry Pi camera module with a microwave radar sensor are interfaced to it to capture the image of any vehicles entering the illegal dumping site. The image is captured to recognize the license plate of the vehicle. The method in this study is by using Open Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR), Open Computer Vision (CV) libraries and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to detect the character of the plate registration number. The outcome of the study consists of recognition of Malaysia vehicles’ plate number and the automatic real time email notification on the illegal dumping case. The detection system can be used for case monitoring since the plate number recognition is done in real time. The system can be upgraded to ensure its sustainability in the harsh and isolated environment. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Resource Allocation Scheduling for Delay Optimization in 6g Terahertz Communication Using Deep Reinforcement Learning(Penerbit USIM, 2022) ;Nur Syuhada Amir ;Fauzun Abdullah AsuhaimiKhairul Nabilah Zainul AriffinThe desire for greater bandwidth is a problem for all network operators as the number of devices and bandwidth-hungry applications grows. These requirements cannot be provided by existing 5G cellular connectivity because spectrum resources are few and constrained. The increasing network density and number of devices puts a higher amount of traffic burden on the base station, which must be offloaded in order to decrease latency and satisfy mobile device users. A resource allocation scheduling method may pave the way for the effective use of restricted resources, which fulfils the aim of cellular communication and helps to reduce delay. Thus, proper resource allocation scheduling in Terahertz communication is therefore responsible for reducing latency in a communication system as well as increasing data rate, throughput, and system sum-rate. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication A Review On Water Quality Monitoring Methods Based On Electronics And Optical Sensing(Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2022) ;Nur Afiqah Razman ;Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail ;Nur Ain Insyirah Muhammad Kamil ;Siti Nadhirah Zainurin ;Irneza Ismail ;Juliza Jamaludin ;Musab Sahrim ;Khairul Nabilah Zainul AriffinSharma Rao BalakrishnanWater pollution is a detrimental issue that can affect health, economy, society, flora, and fauna. Monitoring water quality is important to mitigate water pollution issues. The purpose of this research is to investigate several water quality monitoring methods based on electronics and optical sensing. Electronics and optical sensing are among common and popular methods used to monitor water quality. The smart platform is used to work together with electronics and optical sensors to assist users in controlling the system. Both methods have their own benefit such as electronics sensing being portable and easy to handle whereas optical sensing does not affect the water sample, leading to higher accuracy results. Thus, the selection of the suitable method depends on the consumer’s requirement, cost, budget, and time. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Smart Automatic Cooling System with Reduced Humidity Effect for Pet House During Covid-19 Crisis(ASM Science Journal, 2022) ;Afiq Nuruddin Mohd Ainuddin ;Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail ;Nor Azlina Abd Aziz ;Elina Mohd Husini ;Khairul Nabilah Zainul Ariffin ;Sharma Rao Balakrishnan ;Syahida Suhaimi ;Irneza IsmailJuliza JamaludinCOVID-19 is a pandemic crisis that affects not only human lifestyle but also pet. The crisis halts pets’ social activities and they need to stay at home. Some owners prefer to keep their pets in separate pet enclosure/house due to health issue. The pet enclosure should be comfortable as the pets need to stay inside for quite a long time. Besides that, living in middle of the city in Malaysia makes it difficult for people to get a good level of humidity for pets. Thus, this research aims to design and develop an automatic cooling system with reduced humidity effect that can give comfort to the pets for staying many hours inside the pet house. The system relies on Internet of Things (IoT), where the data analysis of the temperature and humidity of pet houses can be done by the users. Particularly, thermoelectric peltier for cooling system, Arduino Uno and NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module are used here. The proposed solution helps to ensure the desired comfort of a pet house, where pet owners can easily and efficiently monitor the temperature and humidity. The system is simple, but it still can help maintaining the health and wellbeing of the pets by reducing the surrounding temperature to 290C and humidity to 70%