Browsing by Author "Lee Hao-Ern"
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Publication Description Of Poly(aryl-ether-ketone) Materials (paeks),Polyetheretherketone (peek) And Polyetherketoneketone\r\n(pekk) For Application As A Dental Material: A Materials\r\nScience Review(MDPI, 2023) ;Syazwani Mohamad Zol ;Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin ;Zulfahmi Said ;Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali ;Lee Hao-Ern ;Durratul Aqwa Mohd Farid ;Nur A’fifah Husna Zahari ;Aws Hashim Ali Al-KhadimAzrul Hafiz Abdul AzizPoly(aryl-ether-ketone) materials (PAEKs), a class of high-performance polymers comprised of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), have attracted interest in standard dental procedures due to their inherent characteristics in terms of mechanical and biological properties. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a restorative dental material widely used for prosthetic frameworks due to its superior physical, mechanical, aesthetic, and handling features. Meanwhile, polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic embraced in the additive manufacturing market. In the present review study, a new way to fabricate high-performance polymers, particularly PEEK and PEKK, is demonstrated using additive manufacturing digital dental technology, or 3-dimensional (3D) printing. The focus in this literature review will encompass an investigation of the chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of HPPs, particularly PEEK and PEKK, along with their application particularly in dentistry. High-performance polymers have gained popularity in denture prosthesis in advance dentistry due to their flexibility in terms of manufacturing and the growing interest in utilizing additive manufacturing in denture fabrication. Further, this review also explores the literature regarding the properties of high-performance polymers (HPP) compared to previous reported polymers in terms of the dental material along with the current advancement of the digital designing and manufacturing. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Effect of Different Vat Polymerization Techniques on Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D-Printed Denture Base(MDPI, 2023) ;Lee Hao-Ern ;Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin ;Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali ;Zulfahmi SaidSyazwani Mohamad ZolThree-dimensional printing is increasingly applied in dentistry to fabricate denture bases. Several 3D-printing technologies and materials are available to fabricate denture bases, but there is data scarcity on the effect of printability, mechanical, and biological properties of the 3D-printed denture base upon fabricating with different vat polymerization techniques. In this study, the NextDent denture base resin was printed with the stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and light-crystal display (LCD) technique and underwent the same post-processing procedure. The mechanical and biological properties of the denture bases were characterized in terms of flexural strength and modulus, fracture toughness, water sorption and solubility, and fungal adhesion. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc were used to statistically analyze the data. The results showed that the greatest flexural strength was exhibited by the SLA (150.8 ± 7.93 MPa), followed by the DLP and LCD. Water sorption and solubility of the DLP are significantly higher than other groups (31.51 ± 0.92 µg mm3 ) and 5.32 ± 0.61 µg mm3 , respectively. Subsequently, the most fungal adhesion was found in SLA (221.94 ± 65.80 CFU/mL). This study confirmed that the NextDent denture base resin designed for DLP can be printed with different vat polymerization techniques. All of the tested groups met the ISO requirement aside from the water solubility, and the SLA exhibited the greatest mechanical strength. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Effect of Different Vat Polymerization Techniques on Physicomechanical and Biological Properties of 3d-Printed Denture Base(Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 2023-11)Lee Hao-ErnThe utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing in dentistry for denture base fabrication is rapidly gaining traction in recent years. To date, a wide range of 3D printing technologies and materials can be utilized for the fabrication of denture bases. However, there is a lack of understanding of the effect of printability, mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the 3D-printed denture base upon fabricating with different vat polymerization techniques. This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of different vat polymerization techniques in fabricating denture bases. In this study, the NextDent denture base resin was printed with stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and light-crystal display (LCD) techniques and underwent the same post-processing procedure. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc were used to analyze the data statistically. The results showed that the greatest flexural strength was exhibited by the SLA (150.8 ± 7.93 MPa) , followed by the DLP and LCD. This trend was consistent in fracture toughness and microhardness, with SLA demonstrating superior strength, followed by DLP and LCD. Notably, the water sorption and solubility of the DLP are significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other groups (31.51 ± 0.92 μg mm3) and 5.32 ± 0.61 μg mm3, respectively. SLA demonstrated the highest overall mechanical strength among all tested groups, albeit at a slower printing rate, owing to its ability to achieve a higher degree of conversion. Surface morphology analysis revealed no discernible differences after undergoing thorough mechanical polishing, indicating that the layered structure was confined to the outer surface. However, the most Candida albicans adhesion was also found in SLA (221.94 ± 65.80 CFU/ml) probably due to its higher surface roughness along the successive layers. Nonetheless, all denture bases fabricated with different vat polymerization did not demonstrate any cytotoxic effect on the Human Gingiva Fibroblast. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the NextDent denture base resin designed for DLP can be printed with different vat polymerization techniques and all tested groups met the ISO requirement aside from the water solubility. SLA exhibited the greatest mechanical strength while the DLP showed the lowest microbial adhesion. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Modification Of Polymer Based Dentures On Biological Properties: Current Update, Status, And Findings(MDPI, 2022) ;Durratul Aqwa Mohd Farid ;Nur A’fifah Husna Zahari ;Zulfahmi Said ;Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali ;Lee Hao-Ern ;Syazwani Mohamad Zol ;Sami AldhuwayhiMuhammad Syafiq AlauddinPolymers remain an integral part of denture fabrication materials, specifically polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA). PMMA has been extensively used, particularly in construction as a denture base material. Nonetheless, various challenges, including microbial threats in the form of candidiasis occurrence, still remain a biological challenge to denture wearers. The present article comprehensively reviews the biomodifications introduced to denture components, in particular denture base material, to improve the overall biological properties, together with physical, mechanical, structural integrity, and optical properties. In addition, fundamental information specifically to PMMA as a conventional denture base material and the causative aetiological microbial agents for biological threat to dentures are explored