Microbial contamination of the classroom environment is a worry since it can create a variety of health problems and negatively impact kids' and teachers’ general well-being. To increase awareness of personal hygiene during a pandemic and post-pandemic, students can reveal to themselves the true state of their body parts, clothing and surrounding conditions that are exposed to the breeding of germs. Thus, an environmental microbiology classroom has been conducted with Biotechnology Club high school students for a screening of microbial growth and contaminations on students’ body parts, attire, and school’s selected area. Swabbing method of students’ hands, collar of the shirt (boys) and scarf (girls) and doorknob (classes, laboratory, toilet & management office) was carried out and subsequently swabbing onto the nutrient agar (NA) plate for microorganisms’ growth. After 24 hours incubation, the colonies of the growing microorganisms were observed, and their number of different colonies were counted. Through this experiment, it is suggested that the students can observe themselves how dirty their hands, clothes and even selected areas like doorknob can cause the spread of the microbial infections if not cleaned regularly. Several hygienic practices, mitigation activities and awareness were suggested to the students in preventing the spread of microbial infection by handing out pocket posters for students to read and paste in rooms or classes.

The usage of herbal medicinal is widely used among society today in daily lives. Ziziphus mauritiana locally known as Bidara belonging to family Rhamnaceae is a herbal plant that believed originated from Indo-Malaysian region of South-East Asia. It is commonly known for its various added values in term of pharmacological such as antioxidants and antimicrobial. To prove its efficacy, antimicrobial compound analysis of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract was performed using Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The spectrum and wavelength obtained can be used to identify the functional group and thus, the antimicrobial compound present in the plant. A liquid-liquid extraction had been carried out to obtain the extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf sample and rotary evaporator is used to remove the solvent of ethyl acetate. Based on this study, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves do have antimicrobial compounds such as eugenol and vanillin which are one of the antimicrobial agents.

Ziziphus mauritiana is locally known as Bidara that belongs to Rhamnaceae family which is a herbal plant that believed originated from Indo-Malaysian region of South-East Asia. It is commonly known for its various benefits as pharmacological such as antioxidants and antimicrobial. In order to prove its efficacy, antimicrobial compound analysis of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract was performed using Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The spectrum and wavelength obtained can be used to identify the functional group and thus, the antimicrobial compound was discovered present in the plant. A liquid-liquid extraction had been carried out to obtain the extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf sample and rotary evaporator is used to remove the solvent of ethyl acetate. Based on this study, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves do have antimicrobial compounds such as eugenol and vanillin which are one of the antimicrobial agents.

Bar soap is a commonly used cleaning and lubricating item that contains fatty acid salts and surfactants. Unfortunately, many bar soaps are made with palm oil, which is scarce due to depletion in Malaysia. To address this issue, a study was conducted to explore the use of Baeckea frutescens oil as a substitute for palm oil. Baeckea frutescens is a wild herb known for its historical medicinal uses, such as treating fever and sunstroke. This study extracts the oil for integration into soap production through saponification, followed by analysis using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results showed the presence of crucial antioxidant compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, which have potential skincare benefits. The soap's innovative spherical design prevents microbiological growth and highlights the oil's possible aesthetic and health benefits. The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial qualities of the soap point to potential advantages for a number of skin disorders including eczema and acne. This groundbreaking soap demonstrates the integration of ecological sustainability and soap production, combining natural healing with modern skincare requirements. Baeckea frutescens soap could become a popular alternative to commercial soaps due to its natural ingredients and therapeutic qualities.

The Kapal Terbang plant, or Chromolaena Odorata, grows in forests and open spaces like shrubs. Many in our community are allergic to industrial medications and synthetic chemicals, seeking organic, ecologically friendly alternatives without adverse effects. Inspired by the Hadith, "There is no disease that Allah has created, except that He also has created its treatment" (Sahih Al-Bukhari, book #71, Hadith 582), this study aims to identify bioactive compounds in the Kapal Terbang plant to demonstrate its efficacy and compatibility as a natural substitute. The study uses Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyse the plant's bioactive compounds. An acetone extraction was prepared and analysed using an AGILENT INTUVO 9000 GC-MS with ionisation voltage set at 70eV and a Restek column for gas chromatography. Several compounds were identified, including decane, 2,2-Dimethoxybutane, Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-, 2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl-, Tris(trimethylsilyl)ester, Tris(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)arsane, and 1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene. This plant offers safer, natural options for consumers and serves as an alternative source for chemical components in medical products. The results suggest that the Kapal Terbang plant could be used in therapeutic applications. Further evaluation of its metabolite pathways and additional studies on its medicinal properties and potential side effects are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Ganoderma lucidum is a red-colored species of Ganoderma with a limited distribution in Europe and parts of China, where it grows on decaying hardwood trees. The present study deals with decolorization of Methyl Orange by Ganoderma Lucidum. This dye is difficult to degrade so to overcome this problem, an efficient method was developed to degrade this dye. Ganoderma Lucidum could carry out decolorization of Methyl Orange in a wide range of 150mg/L of dye concentration, at unexposed place. By adding 4 carbon source which is glucose, galactose, lactose and starch, we carry out complete decolourization of Methyl Orange by Ganoderma Lucidum within 11 days. The degradation of dye was studied by UV- vis.

Armillaria sp. F022, a basidiomycete fungus isolated from a recreational forest in Johor, Malaysia, was tested for its biodegradation ability of the azo dye Acid Red 27 (AR27). Varying carbon and nitrogen sources, agitation, and inoculum concentrations on AR27 dye degradation by Armillaria sp. F022 in liquid medium were investigated to find out their effects on dye degradation. Glucose and ammonium chloride were the best nutrients for the growth of Armillaria sp. F022. The addition of 15% inoculum concentration of Armillaria sp. F022 increased the AR27 dye degradation up to 97.17% within 72 h of incubation. Phytotoxicity tests were performed employing seed germination of Sorghum vulgare and Triticum aestivum by monitoring their elongation of the plumules and radicles to evaluate the toxicity of the degradation products. The metabolites formed during biodegradation were 1,4-naphthalenediol, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, and coumarin, characterized by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on the findings of the AR27 biodegradation pathway it is proposed that Armillaria sp. F022 can be used to treat AR27 dye contaminated effluents to protect the ecosystem.

This study investigates and compares the fatty acid compounds in commercialized cow's milk which are Dutch Lady Fresh Milk and Goodday Fresh Milk. Milk has high value of essential fatty acids and nutrients that are needed by human body to increase the level of healthiness and protect humans from severe illness. Moreover, cow's milks are the most popular amongst all diary products as it is affordable and easy to find. Therefore, this research focuses on the identification of fatty acid compounds in cow's milk samples using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) as it is largely consumed by many people. The identification was performed on both cow's milk extract obatined from liquid - liquid extraction method which the excess solvent was removed using rotary evaporator machine. After that, the cow's milk extract was injected into the GC-MS machine as the peak positions from the spectra obtained can be used to determine the presence of a fatty acids. As the result from GC-MS spectra, cow's milk has been identified to have various types of fatty acids such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, caprylic acid and lauric acid. Hence, this research is essential as it maximises community's healthcare.

Milks are dairy products that consists of high nutritional value which is good for health and provides energy to the body. Besides, milk also is believed to have antioxidant properties which helps to reduce the oxidative stress that may cause many diseases. Generally, cow milks are the most popular amongst all the dairy products as it is affordable and easy to find. However, dairy products that are originated from cow contains protein that can induce allergen reactions to some people. Thus, there is milk produced from the plant-based which is soybean that can be used to replace cow milk as it is believed to have similar nutritional value to cow milk. Therefore, to prove its similarity, an identification of antioxidant compounds was performed on soybean milk and cow milk extract using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The extraction was done by using liquid-liquid extraction method and the excess solvent was removed by using rotary evaporator machine. As a result, soybean milk has been identified to have the similar antioxidant compounds to cow milk. It can be proven with the presence of functional group that are similar to tryptophan and tyrosine which are both existed in cow milk. Hence, this research is essential for community as it contribute maximum benefit for better healthcare.

Milks are dairy products that consists of high nutritional value which is good for health and provides energy to the body. Besides, milk also believed to have antioxidant properties which helps to reduce the oxidative stress that may cause many diseases. Generally, cow milks are the most popular amongst all the dairy products as it is affordable and easy to find. However, dairy products that are originated from cow contains protein that can induce allergen reactions to some people. Thus, there is milk produced from the plant-based which is soybean that can be used to replace cow milk as it believed to have similar nutritional value to cow milk. Therefore, to prove its similarity, an identification of antioxidant compounds was performed on soybean milk and cow milk extract using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The extraction was done by using liquid-liquid extraction method and the excess solvent was removed by using rotary evaporator machine. As the result, soybean milk has been identified to have the similar antioxidant compounds to cow milk. It can be proven with the presence of functional group that are similar to tryptophan and tyrosine which are both existed in cow milk. Hence, this research is essential for community as it contribute maximum benefit for better healthcare.

The ability of fungal organisms to decolorize Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution has been investigated in a growth medium that was supplemented with 20g/L glucose, 20 g/L yeast extract, and 50 mg/L Methylene Blue. The decolorization analysis of Methylene Blue was performed using Biophotometer. In this research, Fungal B3 exhibited the best strain for the decolorization of Methylene Blue as it showed 90% of decolorization within 8 days of incubation. The identification of metabolites will be further investigated using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

Abstrak: Kolej PERMATA Insan’s integrated Islamic gifted curriculum model emphasizes the use of research and innovation in the understanding of Islamic knowledge with modern science and technology subjects. Kitab Turath, the established traditional Islamic reference, delves deeply into the religion's various disciplines and how they affect every aspect of human life. This paper aims to design a holistic infographic of the Kitab Turath text Tayyib Al-Ihsan Fi Tibb Al-Insan, an old Malay medical reference written by Wan Ahmad Ibn Wan Muhammad Zayn Al-Fatani. This assignment of Ulumuddin project was assigned to nine Level 2 students (17-year-old students), who attended a series of lectures given by an academic specialized in the Turath text. They were further assisted by the STEM lecturers, and Quran instructors to understand the information and knowledge of the text explained earlier. Toward the end of the project, each student created an infographic based on the selected topic explained, and their work was checked for accuracy by the respective lecturers. This paper discusses the preliminary findings to assess the effectiveness of the project and assignment process. The research team can utilize the data gathered here to improve and consider the Turath project as a form of teaching and learning enrichment process in the integration of Naqli and Aqli knowledge for the academic staff and college's students.   Abstract: Model kurikulum pintar berbakat Islam bersepadu Kolej PERMATA Insan menekankan penggunaan penyelidikan dan inovasi dalam pemahaman ilmu Islam dengan mata pelajaran sains dan teknologi moden. Turath, merupakan rujukan Islam tradisional yang mendalami pelbagai disiplin agama dan mempengaruhi setiap aspek kehidupan manusia. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi merekabentuk kandungan sains perubatan tradisional Melayu di dalam kitab Turath Tayyib Al-Ihsan Fi Tibb Al-Insan, rujukan perubatan Melayu lama yang ditulis oleh Wan Ahmad Ibn Wan Muhammad Zayn Al-Fatani. Kajian secara kualitatif ini melibatkan sembilan pelajar Tahap 2 (pelajar berumur 17 tahun), yang menghadiri empat siri kuliah yang diberikan oleh ahli akademik yang pakar dalam teks Turath perubatan tradisional Melayu ini. Mereka seterusnya dibantu oleh pensyarah STEM dan guru al-Quran untuk memahami maklumat dan pengetahuan teks yang dijelaskan sebelum ini. Menjelang akhir projek, setiap pelajar mencipta infografik berdasarkan topik yang dipilih yang dijelaskan, dan hasil kerja mereka telah disemak ketepatannya oleh pensyarah masing-masing. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan penemuan awal untuk menilai keberkesanan projek dan proses tugasan. Pasukan penyelidik menggunakan data yang dikumpul sebagai satu bentuk proses pengayaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam integrasi ilmu Naqli dan Aqli bagi kakitangan akademik dan pelajar kolej.  

Pangium edule, locally known as ‘pangium’ or Malaysian called it as ‘kepayang’ is a tall tree native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia. In this study, the functional groups such as phenolic and resin compounds contained in the extracts of Pangium edule were investigated. The fruits of this species were collected, dried, and grounded. The powdered samples were subjected to a solid-liquid extraction process using hot water for 4 hours at 80ºC and ethyl acetate as a solvent (100 g/L) for 48 hours. Phytochemical screenings and Fourier-Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were further carried out and the samples were found to have phenolic, flavonoid, resin and tannin, steroid compounds

Since prehistoric times, medicinal plants, often known as medicinal herbs, have been identified and employed in traditional healing practices. Because of the existence of phytochemical ingredients, medicinal plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds and are a key source of molecules with therapeutic qualities. Wild herb leaves were taken from the green region of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, specifically Peperomia pellucida, also known as 'sireh cina' in Malaysia. The dried wild herb leaves were crushed. For 48 hours, the powdered materials were treated to a solid-liquid extraction method utilising hot water and ethyl acetate as a solvent. For all examined samples, a phytochemical screening test of hot water and ethanolic leaves extract confirmed the presence of antioxidant chemicals such as flavonoid and phenolics. Meanwhile, resins were only found in ethanolic leaves extract, and steroid was not found in any of the studied samples. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the organic component in greater depth by evaluating the chemical ingredients in the crude extracted samples of ethyl acetate. The study of FTIR spectra revealed that the hydroxyl group, alkanes, alkyl groups, benzoic compounds, and phenols were the primary functional groups. The identification of functional groups indicates a possible source of antioxidants and highlights a potential prospect for the development of natural products from these wild plants in the drug discovery business.

Tabebuia rosea, locally known as ‘tecoma’ or ‘Malaysian Sakura’ is a popular planted trees along roadsides with beautiful pink and white flowers. In this study, the functional groups such as phenolic compounds containing in the extracted oil from T. rosea flowers were investigated. The fall flowers of Tabebuia rosea were collected, dried and grounded. The powdered samples were subjected to solidliquid extraction process using ethyl acetate as a solvent (100 g/L) for 48 hours to extract the oil. Fourier- Transfrom Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were furthered carried out and the sample were found to have phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

Since prehistoric times, medicinal plants, often known as medicinal herbs, have been identified and employed in traditional healing practises. Because of the existence of phytochemical ingredients, medicinal plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compoundsand are a key source of molecules with therapeutic qualities. Wild herb leaves were taken from the green region of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, specifically Peperomia pellucida, also known as 'sireh cina' in Malaysia. The dried wild herb leaves were crushed. For 48 hours, the powdered materials were treated to a solid-liquid extraction method utilising hot water and ethyl acetate as a solvent. For all examined samples, a phytochemical screening test of hot water and ethanolic leaves extract confirmed the presence of antioxidant chemicals such as flavonoid and phenolics. Meanwhile, resins were only found in ethanolic leaves extract, and steroid was not found in any of the studied samples. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the organic component in greater depth by evaluating the chemical ingredients in the crude extracted samples of ethyl acetate. The study of FTIR spectra revealed that the hydroxyl group, alkanes, alkyl groups, benzoic compounds, and phenols were the primaryfunctional groups. The identification of functional groups indicates a possible source of antioxidants and highlights a potential prospect for the development of natural products from these wild plants in the drug discovery business. Disc diffusion analysis of antibacterial properties exhibited significant clear zone formation against Gram-positive and Gram-negative tested bacteria.

Medicinal plants refer to plants that have been traditionally and scientifically recognised for their medicinal properties. These plants contain organic compounds that can be used for various purposes in healthcare including the treatment and prevention of diseases, the alleviation of symptoms and the promotion of overall well-being. Kaempferia parviflo has been a customary practice in Thailand toutilise this both as a dietary component and a medicinal remedy. It has been employed to address various health conditions including allergies, gout, diabetes and fatigue. Thus, we extracted oils from Kaempferia parviflora via solid-liquid extraction and analyse its active compounds using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The sample was further air-dried and grinded using mechanical grinder to increase its total surface area for optimisation for oil extraction process. The extraction process was performed via mixing ethyl acetate and ethanol with grinded sample (in powder form) in a ratio of 1:10. The presence of tannins and phenolic was substantiated by ATR-FTIR, thus proved its antioxidant properties.

This paper aims to analyze and identify the antioxidant compounds in cow’s milk. Milk contains high biological molecules protein, essential fatty acids, calcium, fat, amino acid, vitamins that are soluble in water and several bioactive compounds. In Al-Quran and Hadith, milk has been mentioned several times especially for breast feeding which is essential for infant immunity. Antioxidant can suppress free radicals and unstable molecules produced by the body as an environmental and other pressure reaction. In this research, the commercialized milks were successfully extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method. Therefore, this study focuses on the identification of antioxidant compounds in commercialized milk samples using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Gas ChromatographyMass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Based on the ATR-FTIR spectrum, we are able to identify the functional groups of antioxidant compounds which are C–H stretch of alkanes, C=O of aldehydes, C–N stretch of aliphatic amine, C–Cl stretch of alkyl halide, O–H bend of carboxylic acids and N–H wag of 1 , 2 amines. Further, the spectrum of the chromatogram from the GCMS can determine the antioxidants in the milk samples. This study enables the dairy product factory to improve their quality of the milk to enhance the consumers’ health.

BLAST is a computer algorithm that is available for use online at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website and many other sites. BLAST can rapidly align and compare a query DNA sequence with a database of sequences, making it a critical tool to ongoing genomic research. This analysis is meant to be run to the commercialized goat’s milk from various state in Malaysia to identify the authenticity of the milk, either it is pure or mixed with other bovine milk. The objectives of this study is to can compare DNA sequences of commercial dairy goat milk and fresh goat’s milk from farm DNA from database using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The samplecommercialized goat’s milk will be run in BLAST web server, hosted by the NCBI which can free access by anyone with a web browser. This BLAST program perform similarity searches against databases of DNA help identify new organisms and result will be analyze using four report page section. This research is expected to choose BLAST as the best bioinformatics tool and to show the percentages of similarities between sequences in identify authenticity of the milk.

Heavy anthropogenic activities such as burning of fossil fuels, industrial and agricultural lead to the disposal of toxic and carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as five ring benzo(a)pyrene to the river, ground water, sediment, soil and etc. In this study, king oyster mushroom Pluerotus eryngii F032 was cultured in a glucose and yeast extract supplemented liquid medium at optimized pH, salinity (NaCl) and temperature to enhance the biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene. After 15 days of incubation, high complexity structure of benzo(a)pyrene has been successfully degraded up to 52.9% at pH 3, and 35 °C with salinity of 100 mM NaCl concentration. These significant results ensure the application of a cost-effective treatment in the considerable salinity and acidity of BaP-contaminated wastewater. To our knowledge, this is the first report on biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene by Pleurotus eryngii F032. Keywords: Biodegradation, benzo(a)pyrene, parameters, Pleurotus eryngii F032