This study was conducted to identify whether the administrative workloads led to the stress level among novice principals in their new schools. In addition, we also explore whether the principals are experiencing the psychological and psychological symptoms from their stress issue. The data collection consisted of two major phases. In the first phase, questionnaires were administered to 70 novice primary principals who were just being appointed at their new schools. It was followed by three sessions of interviews with purposely selected 10 novice primary principals as the second phase. From the quantitative data analysis, primary principals perceived their schools’ administrative stress caused them a moderate stress level from their heavy administrative workloads. However, principals reported having psychological and physiological symptoms from the quantitative findings and interview sessions.

Introduction: This study aims to develop sexual orientation scale based on trait of Gay and Lesbian gender disorder from Malaysian socio cultures. The basic model of this measurement instrument is based on Fritz Klein's 7 Dimensions of Sexual Orientation (1993). Methods: This study used a mixed method design which is a combination of interview, document analysis and survey. Based on the case study, 8 Gay and Lesbian respondents were selected purposefully. Gay and Lesbian respondents were interviewed using semi-structured interview techniques. While document analysis used past literature, journals, articles, written documents and Sexual Deviant Behavior questionnaires. Interview findings form themes and are combined with document analysis findings to form a measurement instrument. Next, measuring instruments are developed according to standard procedures (Brown, 1983). Results: The construct validity of the measurement instrument was obtained from 2 counseling experts to form the Roslee Gay Sex Orientation Measurement Instrument (ISGR) and the Roslee Lesbian Sex Orientation Measurement Instrument (ISLR). ISGR inventory traits contain 6 sub-constructs namely Instinct, Expression, Nurture, Gay Behaviour, Experience Sexual Deviant Behavior and Spiritual. While the ISLR trait contains 5 sub-constructs namely Instinct, Nurture, Gay Behaviour, Experience Sexual Deviant Behavior and Spiritual. The ISGR instrument pilot test has a reliability value of 0.76 while the ISLR has a reliability value of 0.75. According to Kerlinger (1979) and Mohd Majid (1990), Cronbach's alpha reliability value above 0.6 is good and acceptable. Conclusions: These two measuring instruments can be used by parents as a measuring instrument to prevent children and teenagers from acting Gay and Lesbian. Thus, early intervention steps can be taken to recover children from Gay and Lesbian gender disorder.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic achievement and perceived stress amongst undergraduate students during Covid-19 pandemic. Two variables were involved namely academic achievement and perceived stress. This study involved descriptive and inferential statistics analysis. The study samples involved final year students in a Malaysian public university from 5 different programs of studies. 150 respondents were chosen based on a simple random technique from 250 population amongst undergraduate students. The students are identified as respondents that stay in campus for a period of 3 months during Movement Control Order (MCO). Questionnaires of Academic Motivation Scale (AMS-C28) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Vallerand (1992) were used with Cronbach alpha 0.85. The results showed that both genders affected the high level of academic motivation and low level of perceived stress. While based on genders there was no significant difference between academic motivation and perceived stress during movement control order amongst the students. The relationship between academic motivation and perception was also no significantly correlated during faced with these situations. In further research, researchers suggested to obtain a larger sample and involving diversity of programs from Faculties to gain a robust data and this may contribute to a better finding in the future.

Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara gaya keibubapaan ibu tunggal dengan penghargaan kendiri dan resiliensi remaja dari kelaurga Melayu bercerai. Seramai 164 remaja berusia antara 13 hingga 14 tahun telah dipilih sebagai responden, penghargaan kendiri serta resiliensi responden. Ujian statistic yang sesuai seperti taburan kekerapan, peratusan, purata dan sisihan piawai telah digunakan bagi setiap soalan kajian mengikut tahap yang ditentukan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisisan SPSS versi 19. Pekali Pearson telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data bagi menentukan hubungan anatara gaya keibubapaan dengan penghargaan kendiri dan resiliensi remaja pada aras signifikan 0.05. Dapatkan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gaya keibubapaan penyayang dengan penghargaan kendiri pada nilai signifikan 0.000. Dapatan keseluruhan kajian menunjukkan bahawa betapa pentingya ibu tunggal memiliki gaya keibubapaan yang positif bagi mempengaruhi penghargaan kendiri serta resiliensi remaja.

The content validity of teacher-made tests (TMT) in Malaysian Chinese primary schools was explored in this research. The study used teacher-made tests to analyze the selected Chinese primary schools, which have yet to be thoroughly explored in the context of these school types. It also investigated how well teachers in the sampled schools understand the table of specifications (TOS). The study further examined the extent to which included demographic variables affect the validity of teacher-made tests. A total of 660 questionnaires were distributed randomly to teachers from 21 Chinese primary schools. There were 381 completed questionnaires (58% of total rate) received and analyzed. The findings demonstrated that most teachers have a basic understanding of the TOS and that teacher-made test levels are valid. K-group MANOVA analysis also revealed that work experience and age had a significant influence on teacher understanding. Work experience and age, on the other hand, had no effect on the teacher-made test. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that both teacher understanding and teacher-made tests were unaffected by teacher gender.

This study examined the psychometric elements of psychological symptoms, attitudes and coping strategies and the impact of COVID-19 on learning among the university students in Malaysia. The design employed in this study was survey method, that centered on convenience sampling method. A total of 489 students from eight undergraduate program of year 1 to year 4 participated in the study. They enrolled in various disciplines ranging from chemical and food science, medicine, engineering, psychology, communication to religious studies program. Data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with all items being grouped within the study’s constructs, which subsequently, were tested using the establishment of measurement model of confirmatory factor analysis. The instrumentation for this study was adapted from Weiner’s Attribution Theory, Expectations and Values Theory. Comparatively, in measuring the students’ coping strategic approach, items were adopted from Greenaway. Additionally, the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS-62) scale was adapted to measure the eight constructs namely anxiety, social anxiety, academic distress, eating anxiety distress, family distress, hostility, and smoking abuse. The Cronbach’s alpha values for all three constructs have indicated the accepted values. Findings revealed that the loading factors for the attitude, coping strategies and psychological constructs are at the accepted values and acceptable composite reliability values. Findings also indicate that the measurement model for the construct attitude, coping strategies and psychological have loading estimates that are statistically significant.