This study sought consensus and expert opinions on the umum al-balwa parameter for a pandemic crisis, as well as to produce SOP recommendations. This study used the Fuzzy Delphi approach using a 7 Likert scale to collect comments from 7 experts in various disciplines of education at Malaysian public universities and medical specialists at the Malaysian Ministry of Health. Experts were given a five-item questionnaire to evaluate. For data analysis, the Fuzzy Delphi approach was utilized. Data were evaluated using triangular fuzzy numbering (triangular fuzzy number), and each variable's location (ranking) was established using the 'defuzzication' procedure. The findings reveal that the response and expert consensus on the umum al-balwa criteria for a pandemic crisis and the development of SOP guidelines. The total expert consensus agreement findings exceed 97%, the overall value of the threshold (d) 0.2, and a-cut exceeds 0.5. The priority guidelines aspects were prioritized and improved by adding and removing items as experts indicated.

Islam is a dynamic religion. The nature of dynamism is apparent because it maintains rigid and flexible characteristics that make Islamic sharia always relevant throughout the ages and practical for the future. Allah SWT, the All-Knowing, creates everything with its purpose. In the ruling context, this purpose is named maqasid. Maqasid becomes the guide for the Islamic jurists (fuqaha) to establish the ruling. Ibn ‘Asyur declared, “The jurists’ lack of concern for the maqasid of the sharia is obsolete of fiqh’s cause”. Therefore, the jurists need to comprehend the maqasid of sharia. It serves as a compass for the growth of jurisprudence to be germane throughout the ages consistently. The COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of 2019 has demonstrated a dynamic advancement of jurisprudence. There have been times when one feels he no longer belongs to a particular sect. This situation implies a positive sign in which one is not bounded entirely by a distinct school of thought, but at the same time, it also encourages the nature of wanting to free oneself from it and even from the sharia law itself. Accordingly, this paper endeavoured to examine the need for a parameter for establishing a ruling based on dharar. It is often a variable in designating the ruling. This parameter is paramount for the uniformity of the ruling and for fostering comprehension in public.

Hukuman merupakan penalti yang dikenakan ke atas seseorang yang telah disabitkan kesalahan jenayah oleh sesebuah mahkamah yang berkuasa. Hukuman adalah penting dalam usaha untuk mengekalkan keamanan dan mewujudkan suasana terkawal dalam sesebuah masyarakat dan negara. Dalam kes-kes jenayah berat, memang tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa hukuman berbentuk keseksaan wajar diberikan sebagai balasan atas perbuatan jahat yang telah dilakukan. Di Malaysia, selepas berlakunya penjajahan British ke atas Tanah Melayu, undang-undang Islam telah diberikan tafsiran dan bidang kuasa yang amat sempit. Pelaksanaannya kini, walaupun selepas 64 tahun negara beroleh kemerdekaan, masih lagi terbatas kepada hukuman berbentuk denda, sebat dan penjara seperti yang diperuntukkan di dalam Akta Mahkamah Syariah (Bidang kuasa Jenayah) 1965 (Disemak-1988) atau Akta 355. Walaupun peruntukan hukuman keseksaan di bawah Akta ini jauh lebih ringan berbanding perundangan sivil, pelaksanaannya seringkali mengundang kontroversi dan mendapat tentangan serta cemuhan yang tidak berkesudahan daripada pelbagai pihak termasuk daripada umat Islam sendiri. Tidak habis di situ, sebarang usaha bagi memperkasa undang-undang Jenayah Islam pasti akan mendapat pelbagai tentangan. Tindakan ini antaranya berpunca daripada salah faham tentang konsep sebenar hukuman keseksaan dalam perundangan syariah yang dilaksanakan serta ketidaksediaan pihak pelaksana. Justeru kertas kerja ini akan cuba memperbetulkan salah faham yang berlaku dengan mendatangkan otoriti dan justifikasi daripada al-Quran dan al-Sunnah sebagai usaha dalam meperkasa perundangan syariah negara agar ianya kekal relevan dengan suasana dan situasi semasa. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa langkah-langkah tertentu perlu diambil segera oleh pihak-pihak berkaitan dalam usaha untuk memberi kefahaman kepada masyarakat agar salah faham ini dapat diatasi dan tidak menjejaskan imej Islam sebagai agama rasmi negara.