Supervision role is believed to have a significant impact on subordinates'job satisfaction. In this sense, the study is aimed to investigate the satisfaction of academics with the role of supervision of their leaders in the university. The research took the form of semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews with seventeen interviewees comprised of sixteen academics from three public universities and a former Minister of Higher Education Ministry of Malaysia. The results indicated that there were mixed responses given by all the interview respondents in regards to their satisfaction with supervision. Some issues that instigated dissatisfaction such as fairness and consideration practised by management people, management strategy and leadership, and lack of consultation, freedom and authority were discussed. The implications of the finding for management- particularly those in public higher education institutions are discussed.

The purpose of this research is to explore and examine the similarities and differences between the concepts of Servant Leadership (S-L) and Islamic Leadership (I-L) through identifying the characteristics of both concepts as represented in the literature. Data,for analysis were collected from three major secondary sources: the literature of Islamic Leadership (I-L), Servant Leadership (S-L), and General Leadership (G-L). The result of an approach based on hermeneutics and content analysis revealed that the concept of Servant Leadership (S-L) accords with Islamic Leadership (I-L) particularly in the aspect of how both of the concepts focus on the aspect ethical leadership. Moreover; based on the nineteen clusters of Islamic Leadership (I-L) designed to examine the ten characteristics of Servant Leadership (S-L) in the open and axial coding process, this research found that the ten characteristics of S-L accord with the nineteen clusters, except in five clusters: justice and equity; profit-orientation; moderation and balance; spiritual, religious, faith in God and piety; and coerciveness under certain circumstances with limitations. The differences have suggested that in general the literature of Servant Leadership (S-L) should be enriched with more ideas pertaining to other aspects of leadership, for example Islamic Leadership (I-L) besides those to do with organisational leadership, while the literature of Islamic Leadership (I-L) should be enriched with more information pertaining to contemporary leadership processes and contexts.

The aim of this study is to determine the dimensions of transformational leadership that influence schools to achieve productivity growth and improve the performance of teaching as well as gaining access to new high-quality education. Although schools have been competing to gain high-quality education, empirical evidence shown that many educational processes with regards to teaching performance were not successful particularly in Yemen. Consequently, the study is often concentrated on identifying the paths to enhance teaching performances. The most important factor to successfully increase high-quality education is providing appropriate transformational leadership during the process of reform, particularly in the important period of the teaching process. In order to accept changes and focus on attaining ambitious goals, it is necessary for leaders of transformational school to provide rewards and support the teachers. This paper aimed to investigate the influence of various dimensions of transformational leadership on performance of teachers in Yemeni public schools. In order to guarantee the sample’s representativeness, the questionnaires have been distributed to Yemeni public schools in Sana'a, Republic of Yemen. A total of 374 respondents were selected which include staff and teachers as the sample. The instrument used was a Likert 5-point scale from the questionnaire which were examined using smartpls3. The results revealed that all the dimensions of transformational leadership have a positive influence on the teachers' performance.

Persoalan kepemimpinan di menara gading bukanlah suatu perkara yang boleh dipandang ringan. Kepemimpinan universiti yang baik dapat merencanakan perjalanan program pendidikan tinggi yang berdaya saing dan penghasilan siswa-siswi yang dapat menyumbang secara positif kepada pembangunan negara. Pelbagai perbincangan ilmiah telah dizahirkan untuk menekankan peri pentingnya kaedah mengurus dan mentadbir sesebuah universiti dengan kaedah kepemimpinan yang mapan dan tepat. Ini bagi memastikan hala tuju universiti sentiasa selaras dengan aspirasi dan kehendak para pemegang taruhnya. Program kepemimpinan berasaskan qalb merupakan salah satu program latihan kepemimpinan akademik yang telah dikendalikan oleh Akademi Kepimpinan Pengajian Tinggi (AKEPT) sejak tahun 2016 sehinggalah ke hari ini. Dalam program latihan kepemimpinan akademik ini, modul yang digunakan mengetengahkan konsep empat sifat mulia yang utama (four cardinal virtues) iaitu: hikmah, adil, berani dan kawalan diri, yang merupakan antara kebijaksanaan klasik mengenai pembentukan sifat-sifat peribadi yang mulia. Makalah ini akan menjelaskan pandangan dan huraian daripada al-Ghazali (450-505H / 1058-1111M) mengenai perkara ini melalui metode analisis teks ke atas Iḥyā’ cUlūm al-Dīn (1982) menerusi Kitāb Riyāḍah al-Nafs wa Tahdhīb al-Akhlāq wa Mucālajāt Amrāḍ al-Qalb. Kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif digunakan dalam makalah ini untuk mengenal pasti perbincangan-perbincangan utama berkenaan empat sifat yang mulia ini dan bagaimana penghayatan kepada perkara ini berupaya melahirkan pemimpin yang berkaliber dan mempunyai ciri-ciri kepemimpinan yang cemerlang. Konsep dan amalan latihan jiwa (Riyāḍah al-Nafs) yang dianjurkan oleh al-Ghazali amat sesuai diaplikasikan dalam latihan kepemimpinan akademik universiti kerana menekankan pembentukan individu yang baik sebagai asas utama kepada pembentukan masyarakat yang bestari, berintegriti dan berbudaya tinggi.

Persoalan kepemimpinan di menara gading bukanlah suatu perkara yang boleh dipandang ringan. Kepemimpinan universiti yang baik dapat merencanakan perjalanan program pendidikan tinggi yang berdaya saing dan penghasilan siswa-siswi yang dapat menyumbang secara positif kepada pembangunan negara. Pelbagai perbincangan ilmiah telah dizahirkan untuk menekankan peri pentingnya kaedah mengurus dan mentadbir sesebuah universiti dengan kaedah kepemimpinan yang mapan dan tepat. Ini bagi memastikan hala tuju universiti sentiasa selaras dengan aspirasi dan kehendak para pemegang taruhnya. Program kepemimpinan berasaskan qalb merupakan salah satu program latihan kepemimpinan akademik yang telah dikendalikan oleh Akademi Kepimpinan Pengajian Tinggi (AKEPT) sejak tahun 2016 sehinggalah ke hari ini. Dalam program latihan kepemimpinan akademik ini, modul yang digunakan mengetengahkan konsep empat sifat mulia yang utama (four cardinal virtues) iaitu: hikmah, adil, berani dan kawalan diri, yang merupakan antara kebijaksanaan klasik mengenai pembentukan sifat-sifat peribadi yang mulia. Makalah ini akan menjelaskan pandangan dan huraian daripada al-Ghazali (450-505H / 1058-1111M) mengenai perkara ini melalui metode analisis teks ke atas Iḥyā’ cUlūm al-Dīn (1982) menerusi Kitāb Riyāḍah al-Nafs wa Tahdhīb al-Akhlāq wa Mucālajāt Amrāḍ al-Qalb. Kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif digunakan dalam makalah ini untuk mengenal pasti perbincangan-perbincangan utama berkenaan empat sifat yang mulia ini dan bagaimana penghayatan kepada perkara ini berupaya melahirkan pemimpin yang berkaliber dan mempunyai ciri-ciri kepemimpinan yang cemerlang. Konsep dan amalan latihan jiwa (Riyāḍah al-Nafs) yang dianjurkan oleh al-Ghazali amat sesuai diaplikasikan dalam latihan kepemimpinan akademik universiti kerana menekankan pembentukan individu yang baik sebagai asas utama kepada pembentukan masyarakat yang bestari, berintegriti dan berbudaya tinggi.

Di antara perkara yang dititik beratkan di dalam sesebuah institusi kepimpinan ialah etika. Penulisan ini mempersembahkan teori etika kepimpinan menurut pandangan al-Mawardi menerusi bukunya "Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniyyah Wa Al- Wilayat Al-Diniyyah ". la merupakan satu cetusan idea yang sangat menarik bagi membentuk sebuah institusi kepimpinan yang cemerlang dan gemilang. Perbincangan menjuruskan kepada beberapa aspek penting seperti tugasan yang perlu ditunaikan, karakter dan ciri-ciri seorang pemimpin dan nilai etika bagi mencorakkan seorang pemimpin yang berwibawa dan berkarisma.

Purpose This research paper aims to determine the factors needed to propose a platform where waqf (Islamic endowment) organizations can collaborate with government public hospitals to develop corporate waqf hospitals. Consequently, the elements of governance and sustainability are included in the management of corporate waqf hospitals thereby leading to the corporatization of public hospitals. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts the qualitative research methodology and undertakes content analysis of data collected from journal articles, magazines and official websites. Data analysis involves open coding with NVivo 12. Findings General findings from the literature review have shown that architectural and engineering fundamentals were essential factors in the success of past waqf hospitals of the era between 8th and 14th centuries. In that era, the decentralized waqf-based hospitals employed the mutawalli (the trustee/manager of the waqf assets) to govern the administration of the hospitals. Present corporate waqf hospitals can exploit the elements identified from past waqf-based hospitals and additionally adopt the private-public partnership model in the form of a muḍārabah (profit-sharing contract) agreement to design a sustainable waqf governance model for Malaysian public healthcare services. Research limitations/implications The proposed platform is designed for a corporate waqf model developed in collaboration between Malaysian waqf institutions and public healthcare services. It abides by both the Malaysian fatwa (Islamic rulings) on waqf and the laws of the Malaysian Government. Practical implications There is potential for developing the Malaysian corporate waqf-governance healthcare model which will enable the hospital to provide better quality healthcare to more patients through upgrading the quality of equipment used in hospitals and/or better facilities at equal or lower costs. Consequently, this will not only improve waqf management and distribution but also result in reduction of government expenditure. Social implications This research promotes the concept of a corporate waqf hospital which will provide innumerable beneficial healthcare services in terms of improved healthcare quality at affordable costs to the general public and at no cost to the poor and the underprivileged. Originality/value Although waqf has played an important role as a vehicle for Islamic financing in the society for centuries, a model of collaboration or partnership of waqf with public healthcare services has yet to be explored and developed. With proper corporate governance and well-managed sustainability in a corporate waqf model, this newly developed partnership between waqf institutions and public healthcare providers can be a first step in many more interesting collaborative arrangements that can be established between waqf institutions and public services in the future.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of human resource management practices on job satisfaction among academics in a Malaysian higher education institution. Design/methodology/approach – A pilot study was carried out on a sample of 144 academics in a higher education institution. The respondents included a wide range of university faculties, departments and academic units in the participating university. A 30-item scale developed by Halid et al. (2020) and Hauret et al. (2020) were designed to measure human resource management practices and a 3-item scale developed by Noor (2013) was used to measure job satisfaction. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 were used to analyze the data and provided descriptive, correlation and regression analyses. Findings – Human resource management practices of recruitment, selection, training and development, performance appraisal, reward, recognition and promotion opportunities were significantly and positively related to job satisfaction. The results and statistical analysis of the current study could be a reference to indicate the effects of human resource management practices on job satisfaction among academics in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. Research limitations/implications – This study focused on academics in a selected Malaysian Public Higher Education Institution. Thus, it is not possible to generalize the findings to academics in other public or private higher education institutions. This study also found difficulty to find the similar significant literature on human resource management practices and its relationship with job satisfaction within the Malaysian Higher Education sector. The other limitation in this study is the number of human resource management practices selected to be investigated and limited measurements to be considered in this study. Originality/value – This study made a significant contribution of human resource management practices and the current state of job satisfaction in Malaysian higher education particularly in the public sector. In light of the findings, it is worth considering that at the organizational level, there are a number of actions that can be adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and the university management to increase and maintain the job satisfaction among academic staff in regards to its antecedents of human resource management practices. The study is also expected to provide useful reference for future researchers in this research area.

This study evaluated the links between HRM practices and Labour productivity comprehensively with the mediating role of social skills. The study focuses on the Libyan oil and gas companies that play an important role in Libya’s economic development. The data of this study were collected using the quantitative approach, whereby the questionnaire was administered and yielded 339 respondents with a response rate of 56.5%. Results based on these practices have significant impact on both social skills and labour productivity. Finally, the roles of staffing and on-the-job training as HRM practices contradict the results of previous studies that found these factors to be crucial for labour productivity. This study suggests that decentralised decisions lies in the strategic models and enables the HRM policies to be in force

Today, the training of employees and developing their skills and knowledge are becoming an increasingly important requirement for modern organizations. The evaluation of training takes the same importance just like training to ensure the success of training program. This study aims to examine the level of practicing reaction and learning evaluation if training based on Kirkpatrick theory. The study found that most companies evaluate the reaction of trainees with higher degree comparing to learning evaluation. The result showed that the first and second levels of Kirkpatrick evaluation approach (Learning, Reaction) affect the Behavior of trainers in significant multiple linear correlation, and the associations between these two variables and Behavior are positive. It is concluded that assessment of learning skills and knowledge after training is very important just like the the reaction of trainees on the the training program. The study suggests that motivating trainees to learn new skills and knowledge related to their work are highly important to the organization. The study recommends practicing learning evaluation at the same level as practicing reaction evaluation because both of them take the same importance to the organization and should be examined very well before and after the training program. Keywords: Kirkpatrick theory, Reaction Evaluation, Learning Evaluation

The study was conducted to analyze the importance of oil and gas sector in Libya. This study also describes the current scenario and future trends in oil and gas sector of the country. The paper describes the benefits of oil and gas sector in the economy of Libya. Moreover, the discussion section explains the situation of the current scenario of oil and gas sector in the country. Overview of Oil and gas sector is separately described in this section with the help of variety of charts. Future trends are also part of this section which explains the future plans for this sector by the government of Libya. These plans include with future forecasting of production in oil and gas sector. The production rate of oil and gas sector in the last year is explained in this section. Moreover, opportunities and challenges of oil and gas sector are also illustrated in this paper. It is analyzed that oil and gas is facing many challenges such as political instability, transparency in business practices, security issues and practical logistic issues. The government of Libya must solve these issues in order to sustain the development of economy. This sector also contains some major opportunities such as development of economy through better infrastructure, revamp its global strategies to attract global oil and gas companies, to explore new reserves in the country and use new techniques for exploration and production of oil and gas. The government of Libya must work out on these opportunities for enhancing the economic development in the country.

This study investigates the integrated influence of leadership traits toward leadership behavior amongst imams of mosques in Kubang Pasu, Kedah Darul Aman. There were three leadership traits investigated in this research; leaders’ personality, religiosity, and motivation to lead or MTL. Moreover, imams’ educational background as well as managerial and past leadership experiences were also investigated as predictors for their leadership behaviors. A structured, Malay version-self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 30 imams in the district of Kubang Pasu, Kedah Darul Aman. In the regression analysis, the traits of imams tested explained 56.2% variance of leadership behavior. Specifically, results demonstrated leadership behavior could be potentially influenced highly by personality-extraversion and affective-identity MTL. Moreover, this research found that personality-conscientiousness also tends to influence leadership behavior. The same was also found for personality-neuroticism and social-normative MTL. However, the two predictors showed negative influence toward leadership behavior.

Researches have highlighted significant cultural and religious contextual differences in leadership studies. This research aims to investigate variance of Islamic leadership behaviour orientation among women managers in Malaysia government-linked companies or GLCs. This research is a survey research and was conducted between 2013 and 2015. A set of self-administered Islamic Leadership Inventory (ILI) questionnaire with 25 dimensions and 75 items were distributed to 208 Muslim women managers who hold leadership roles around Malaysia GLCs. The managerial backgrounds such as age, tenure and leadership positions were also investigated. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that Islamic leadership behaviour is understood and practiced widely by women officers across ages, years of working, and leadership positions. Future research could investigate ILI with leadership performance variables to increase the validity of the inventory. Keywords:Islamic Leadership, Women Workers, Employees Profile, Glass-ceiling, Islamic Management, Leadership.

A lot of intellectual discourses has been initiated on the realm of the contributions and roles of university students who live out of the campus, towards the community that they lived together. The Council of University Housing Principals of USIM had taken their initiative to look into the real views of the community who live nearby the university about the contributions and roles of university students who live out of the campus, specifically in the religious activities and social activities. A qualitative study through non-probability sampling method had been selected, where semistructured interviews were done among 30 individuals who live together with USIM outcampus students. The findings show that majority of the respondents agreed that the contributions and roles of the outcampus students were high and effective in the religious activities but not in the social activities. Several arising issues and themes of discussion are discussed together with recommendations to uphold a better relationship between USIM’s outcampus students and the community. Keywords: Outcampus students, Religious activities, Social activities

This study investigated the association of imams' religiosity behavior, leadership behavior, motivation to lead, and mosque performance of both rural and urban mosques in three states of Peninsular Malaysia or Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan. 250 randomly selected mosques around the three states were visited in this study. All selected mosques were distributed with a self- administered questionnaire to be filled by the mosque leader or imam. The questionnaires returned to the researcher are 58 and this has made the respond rate for this research is 23.2 percent. Mosque performance was measured by using three variables or mosque attendance, the amount of fund raised by the mosque, and mosque assets. Imams' religiosity behavior was measured through the imams' routine religious activities and their leadership behavior was measured through three dimensions or task- oriented, relation-oriented, and religious leadership oriented behavior. Motivation to lead was measured by using three dimensions or affective identity, non-calculative, and social normative motivation to lead. Based on the test of normality, the distribution of data for leadership behavior and motivation to lead was found normal suggesting the results could be generalized to the whole population of imams in the three investigated states. Based on hierarchical regression analysis, this research first found that amount of fund raised by mosques have a significant positive association with mosque attendance but not mosque assets. Secondly, imams' individual religiosity behavior has no significant association with their leadership and motivation to lead. Thirdly, imams' religious leadership behavior has significant influence over mosque performance as compared to conventional task and relation leadership behaviors. Fourth, same with imams' leadership, their motivation to lead also significantly influenced mosque performance. Finally, imams' leadership behavior partially mediated the association of imams' motivation to lead and mosque performance suggesting imams' leadership as a significant variable to determine mosque performance. The results, in general, are important to be used by authorities and associated bodies to design suitable development model for imams and mosque performance in Malaysia.

This paper is about a review on membrane water treatment according to Islamic and science perspectives. Nowadays, water as the most precious human right facing many issues regarding its misuse leading to critical water shortage and contaminated. Various methods have been introduced to tackle this water issue. One of the aspect is by having water treatment or water recycle using process of membrane water treatment. So, the aim of this paper is to explore the concept of water and how the treatment and purification of water in Islam and science views. Next, this paper also suggested the membrane water treatment as the method and process to treat and purify the water whether this water membrane process is comply to Shariah compliance or vice versa. The methodology of this paper is qualitative approach by using document analysis of article papers, fiqhturath books and also related document references. The result reveals the water treated by membrane water treatment process is pure (tahir) according to Islam and science perspectives. 2020, Hampstead Psychological Associates. All rights reserved.

This research focused on the focal aim of analysing students’ perceptions in public universities in regards to the development of leadership values through their participation as the members of students’ representative council (JAKSA) in student’s accommodation.The current study implemented a qualitative methodology via semi-structrured focus group interviews among 19 students who are in the highest committee members and executive committees (Excos) in two student colleges in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). The current study found that almost all of the interviewees among JAKSA agreed that their participation as a JAKSA member gave a positive impact in terms of their leadership value and skill. Several characteristics and roles of leaders which are obvious among JAKSA were also stated and debated as a valuable drivers for their capability to organize their committee. Abstrak Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada matlamat untuk menganalisis persepsi pelajar di institusi pengajian tinggi awam terhadap pembentukan nilai kepemimpinan melalui penglibatan mereka sebagai ahli Jawatankuasa Kebajikan Siswa/i Kolej Kediaman (JAKSA). Kajian ini mengaplikasikan metodologi kajian kualitatif melalui temubual separa berstruktur secara focus group dalam kalangan 19 orang pelajar yang menjadi Ahli Majlis Tertinggi dan Exco JAKSA di dua buah kolej kediaman di Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati hampir kesemua JAKSA bersetuju bahawa penyertaan mereka sebagai JAKSA di kolej kediaman memberikan impak yang positif dalam pembentukan nilai dan kemahiran kepemimpinan. Beberapa sifat dan peranan pemimpin yang terserlah dalam kalangan JAKSA juga digagaskan oleh responden kajian ini sebagai pemangkin kepada kemampuan mereka mengorganisasi persatuan mereka ini di kolej kediaman.

Palm oil is one of the largest contributors to Malaysia's economy and accounts for 8.5% of global oil and fat production. Despite being a renowned palm oil producer, this sector is highly dependent on migrant workers. There are several issues beleaguering this sector, particularly labor, that disrupt their well-being. Among the common labor issues are labor exploitation, debt bondage, abuse of vulnerability, deception, and restriction of movement. These issues are commonly associated with the well-being of workers. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to explore the indicators of Islamic well-being among Muslim migrant workers in oil palm plantation in Malaysia. The study adopts a qualitative approach in exploring the relationship between migrant workers and their wellbeing. In this study, semi-structured interview is used as data collection. Among the findings from this study suggested that religiosity indicator play a vital role in influencing the well-being of the Muslim migrant workers. Therefore, the emergence of religiosity indicator may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of well-being from different perspectives and relevant to the actual situation.

The quality of public service is very much depending on the motivation level of public servants. Even though career motivation is one of the important aspects of the public service, only a few studies were conducted to cover this topic. Most studies on public servants were conducted to address public service motivation rather than career motivation. Therefore, this article is an attempt to delve into the meaning of career motivation in public service as well as some common issues related to the level of career motivation among public servants. The enhancement of career motivation level could mean the major improvement of the quality of the public service. The arguments were arranged to highlight on the key findings from the previous studies that have been conducted on career motivation among public servants to serve as a contribution to the body of knowledge in the area of career motivation in human resource management in public service. The authors also investigated the role of social support on career motivation level among public servants. It was suggested from previous literature that focusing on social support could enhance career motivation among employees. To conclude, some suggestions for future studies were also conferred in this article.

For several decades, palm oil is one of the main drivers of Malaysia’s economy and responsible in producing 8.5% of the world's oil and fat. In spite of its reputation as a main producer of palm oil, this industry depends heavily on migrant labor. In 2016, there were 429,351 laborers employed in the palm oil plantation industry. From this figure, 330,185 or 77% were foreign workers mostly from Bangladesh and Indonesia. Nonetheless, in recent developments, there were several issues that allegedly affected this industry, specifically in labor that impacted their well-being. Labor exploitation, debt bondage, abuse of vulnerability, deceit, and restriction of movement were among frequent issues that linked to migrant workers' well-being. Their well-being is essential in contributing to higher productivity of the workforce. Thus, the goal of this study is to explore the probable indicators that could affect their happiness.