This study investigates the relationship between human-oriented leadership, organizational attachment and encouragement to perform work. A survey method was utilized to collect data from employees at a national election agency in Peninsular Malaysia. The SmartPLS was used to analyze the data and revealed two significant findings: First, relationship between supportive leadership style and organizational attachment was significantly correlated with encouragement to perform work. Second, relationship between participative leadership style and organizational attachment was significantly correlated with encouragement to perform work. The findings endorse that effect of human-oriented leadership on encouragement to perform work is mediated by organizational attachment. Further discussions, implications and conclusion are presented in this study. Keywords: Human-oriented leadership; organizational attachment; encouragement to perform work; SmartPLS

The lack of a vaccine for COVID-19 and the limited amount of reliable data on the cessation of the disease have made people feel more vulnerable to the disease. As a result, people in many countries have been found to engage in panic purchasing, which has adversely affected the supply system for the retail market. Applying behavioral inhibition system theory, reactance theory, and expectancy theory, this research examines how psychological factors such as uncertainty, perceptions of severity, perceptions of scarcity, and anxiety affected the panic purchasing behavior of consumers. This study was conducted in Malaysia in light of the 2020 outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results from structural equation modeling indicate that uncertainty, and perceptions of scarcity are positively associated with anxiety but not with the panic purchasing behavior of consumers. In addition, anxiety fully mediates the relationship among these variables and the panic purchasing behavior of consumers. Taken together, these findings provide support for doing more empirical research in order to develop a more resilient retail strategy and to improve consumer service.

Research Aims: The halal industry has become one of the fastest growing business in the global market. Halal certification provides assurance to all Muslim consumers because it fulfills the Shariah law and follows the concept of halalan-toyyiban. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of severity of halal violation and CSR on boycott towards the company that involved in halal violation incidents. Design/methodology/approach: In total of 400 questionnaires were distributed amongst customers who were aware and/or had experienced the violation of a halal product. Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling techniques, were partial least squares (PLS) software was used to measure the direct and indirect relationships between the variables.Research Findings: The result of this investigation showed that perceived severity of halal violation is significantly related to consumer boycott. Further results imply that perceived CSR not only contributes negatively to consumer boycott, but also significantly moderates the relationship perceived severity and consumer boycott. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study is among the earliest to include CSR from a consumer perspective, particularly in the halal retraction context.Managerial Implication in the South East Asian context: The present study suggests that Halal companies in South East Asian should be proactive in CSR initiatives in order to reduce the negative effect towards company evaluation such as boycott in case if halal violation incidents occur.Research limitation & implications: This study bears several limitations. First, this study employed purposive sampling method and the scope of the study is only limited to the customers who are aware and/or had experienced food halal violation incidents in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Hence, the results may not be able to generalise to other product categories and population.