Community-based management has been heralded to practice stakeholder inclusivity and is claimed to be the panacea in overcoming problems and dilemmas in governing ecotourism in a forest-protected area. Sungei Moroli, Kawang Forest Reserve (SMKFR) at Kampung Luanti Baru Sabah, a unique destination offering Kelah fish massage is selected as the study site on account of being associated with co-management governance. This study aims to identify the key stakeholders within the governance network in this area who are involvedin eco-tourism management and to understand the interests and roles of these stakeholders. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is utilized in this study. SNA is a tool to measure the criteria used, the number of ties, density, and geodesic distance, together with the degree and betweenness centralities of the network map.The social network map obtained suggests that the local community management is the most critical stakeholder in ensuring the effective operation of the ecotourism set-up in SMKFR. The bottom-up management approach with high participation and commitment of the stakeholders was indeed in place and is its critical success factor of eco-tourism activities in SMKFR. The implications of these findings to ecotourism management in the protected area for greater inclusivity of stakeholders, especially among the local communities.Keywords: Community Based Management, Ecotourism, Kawang Forest Reserve,Social Network AnalysisINTRODUCTIONWith the rising potential of ecotourism in a protected area, it is necessary for providers to maintain high-qualityservices for visitors while retaining biodiversity conservation values. Environmental-friendlyservices and products have been ranked as one of the most important criteriain ecotourism service quality (Jeong et al., 2021; Mulyani et al., 2021). Another important service construct is the design of the attractions and facilities provided. Tangibleaspects of the service environment such as public facilities also had a critical impact on the affective responses of customers,and this may influence their perceptions of the place (So et al., 2021). Tourist service quality reactions are also easily affected by the actions of service providers and other tourists as well (Abdullah et al., 2021). The ability of

Economic burden issues in SARS-CoV-2 patients with underlying co-morbidities are enormous resources for patient treatment and management. The uncertainty costs for clinical management render the healthcare system catatonic and incurs deficits in national annual budgets. This article focuses on systematic steps towards selecting and evaluating literature to uncover gaps and ways to help healthcare stakeholders optimize resources in treating and managing COVID-19 patients with multi-morbidity. A systematic review of all COVID-19 treatment procedures with co-morbidities or multi-morbidity for the period from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The search includes studies describing treatment costs associated with multi- or co-morbidity cases for infected patients and, if concurrently reported, determining recurring expenses. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Galbraith plots and I2 statistics will be deployed to assess heterogeneity and to identify potential sources. A backward elimination process will be applied in the regression modelling procedure. Based on the number of studies retrieved and their sample size, the subgroup analysis will be stratified on participant disease category, associated total costs, and degree of freedom in cost estimation. These studies were registered in the PROSPERO registry (ID: CRD42022323071).

Indigenous community in Malaysia practices traditional medicine, particularly from the surrounding plants to cure different diseases and illnesses. This traditional way of life has been practised for centuries and passed down through generations. This study aims to document medicinal plants that have been used by the Orang Asli to treat illness. A qualitative ethnomedical study was done to document the species that were believed to have medicinal value. This study was carried at all three resettlement villages in Terengganu. Eleven informants who were the head of household with the age of over 30 years old were interviewed. Fieldwork surveys, observation and face-to-face communication were methods used in this study. The finding shows that most of the Orang Asli community in Terengganu are still dependent on plants and herbs to cure ailments. A total of 106 species that belong to 55 plant families were used by them. This study will encourage researchers in various fields such as ethnobotanical, ethno-zoological, ethnomedicinal and pharmaceutical and toxicological accomplishment of flora and fauna from these areas. As such, these medicinal plants need some more extensive efforts to validate scientifically and clinically were to prove the ethnomedical claims toward them.

Background: Adequate health literacy is necessary for individuals as it enables them to readily acquire information, process it, and apply it to health-related decisions. Various factors including geographical area will determine the disparity in health literacy status. Communities living in protected areas have limited health literacy and health status owing to a lack of access to infrastructure and medical facilities. Existing studies have discussed health literacy among various populations disproportionately affected by certain diseases. However, research remains underdeveloped, and the causal factors are largely untested. This research aims to better understand how population living conditions especially those who are living in protected areas are affected and exposed to limited health literacy. Method: This study will comprehensively review full-text papers published between 2013 and 2023. We will search 3 databases, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, using the keyword search strategy to find articles related to the issue. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses will be used to guide the selection of relevant studies. The results will then be assessed using the standard Cochrane Quality assessment method. The outcome is addressed in light of a narrative synthesis that utilizes a theme category and focuses on each component’s main conclusions. Result: This protocol describes the planned scope and methodology for the systematic review and meta-analysis that will provide current evidence on; The status of health literacy among the community in protected areas and; The effect of Protected Areas on health literacy according to their types and characteristics. Conclusion: Meta-analysis of low-to-high health literacy status will benefit the development of policy recommendations for protected areas. Abbreviations: HL = health literacy, PA = protected area.

In the last decade, researchers from around the world have shown deep interest in using photovoice as a method of analysis in scientific research. This might be due to the participatory strength of the method that acts as a bridge to connect researcher and community by balancing scientific research and mitigating action. The purpose of this research is to synthesize the available research on the photovoice method using the Scientometric method. This article explores the research landscape, key topics, and developments of the photovoice method based on the 1252 document data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection dated from 1997 to 2019. The results show that the interest in using this method is significantly high in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom as they are the major leaders in publication contributions. A Scientometric analysis for Document co-citation analysis was applied and 15 research clusters were identified. This paper reviews the main characteristics of 6 most important clusters and their contribution to the photovoice method. The outcome of this study contributes to academia, industry practitioners and policymakers by providing an understanding of overall trends, status, and potential research questions of study in this domain.