Ruby is one of the most precious gemstones on Earth that is always high in demand especially in the jewelry industries. Due to its high value and very expensive, a lot of imitation of ruby has been made. This results in the rising of more complicated issues as gemologists need to perform the grading valuation very carefully and precisely. The current and common grading techniques mostly depend on human vision, which eventually leads to error. This paper aims to analyze the clarity of rubies gemstones using Charge-Coupled Device (CCD). The CCD detects the light intensity and then convert the light intensity value into the voltage value. The CCD sensor is very special in its architecture design, consisting of more than 1000 very small pixels that are sensitive to light sources. Based on the previous research, CCD has high sensitivity to laser light source with wavelength range within 430 nm to 650 nm. This research is going to prove that CCD is able to detect the clarity of various grading of the pink to blood-red ruby stones.

Augmented reality technology has been widely adopted in various fields, particularly in the realm of education. In the west, this technology has been applied to various foreign languages such as Malay, English, Chinese, Spanish, French, and Ukrainian. However, in the context of learning Arabic in Malaysia, the use of this technology has been less explored, particularly from the perspective of students at the public university level. Hence, this study aims to examine the level of perception among students at University Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) regarding the use of augmented reality as a new technology in Arabic language learning today. A questionnaire was used in this study to collect data from a sample of 30 respondents. Analytical findings on frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were obtained through descriptive statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alpha analysis showed that all eight items of the questionnaire had good internal consistency. The overall mean score of the items was 4.48, indicating a high level of data interpretation. Based on the analysis of the findings, the study revealed that the majority of students responded positively and expressed satisfaction with their readiness to use augmented reality in language learning. In conclusion, augmented reality is a valuable learning aid that can greatly benefit students in understanding Arabic vocabulary more easily.

Technology is a double-edged sword when it changes the way we perform everyday activities for the better. Unfortunately, misfits will always find new ways to misuse technology to facilitate their misdeeds. CCTV are great security measures that can be used to catch culprits in action, but other than banks, hospitals, shopping malls, academic institutes etc., a CCTV solution is beyond most household budgets and require continuous monitoring. Because mobile phones are the primary hand-held device, it is only logical to integrate these with a CCTV solution. Motion Detection Security System Notifier using Raspberry Pi with Telegram is as the name suggests. Using Raspberry Pi, a motion detection system is developed through the method of background subtraction, which works by subtracting the static from the background frame from the constantly changing foreground. The change of value in noise and pixel density between the background frame and the foreground indicates motion. Each time a motion is detected, the system will automatically send the frame to the user via Telegram to notify that there has been movement in the area as captured in the frames. A prototype is first developed in a virtual environment using VirtualBox software before running it on the Raspberry Pi. This paper will show the relevance of the project. � 2020 IEEE.

This study aims to develop a disinfection chamber that is portable and equipped with an automatics disinfectant spray system. The automatic disinfection chamber works by implementing a mechatronics system design which involves the use of the sensor, controller, and actuator. Firstly, an ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the presence of a user at the entrance of the chamber. Then, a microcontroller that acts as a brain to the system processes the sensor reading and produces an electrical signal to activate the water pump (actuator). This allows the water pump to channel the disinfectant solution from the tank to the spray nozzle for the human disinfection procedure. The proposed disinfection chamber has several advantages including automatic operation with minimal human intervention, as well as a modular design for easy transportation and assembly.

Nowadays, the innovation and production of prayer seats can widely be seen around the world particularly in a nation or region with a majority of Muslim population. Demands on this assistive device are everywhere in order to ease and help disabled Muslims to conduct their daily prayers. Most of the existing devices consist of basic systems and sometimes do not accurately meet disabled Muslims’ requirement. The main objective of this research is to design and develop a Solah chair using electronic sensor to assist disabled Muslims to perform Solah and other ritual activities comfortably. This research uses four types of electrical and electronic systems namely the ultrasonic system, DF player system, counter system and IR sensor system to assist disabled Muslims to perform Solah and other ritual activities such as zikir and listening to Quran recitation. Arduino Uno is used to integrate these four subsystems. Arduino as the main micro-controller for this system is chosen for its convenience and capabilities to read and run C-language. It is also a simple platform which is suitable for many IT projects in general.

Milk quality can be determined through its fat composition. It is important to know the fat composition in milk to ensure consumption of the right product for health reasons. Spectroscopy can be used to study the fat composition in milk. In this paper, light propagation in milk based on visible and near infrared (NIR) spectra is investigated. Samples comprise skimmed and full milk. Full milk shows higher absorbance at visible (VIS) spectra compared to skimmed milk. The analysis on NIR spectra also shows that full milk has higher absorbance peak than skimmed milk due to higher amount of fat globule. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis is done to study the chemical compounds such as C=C and O-H in milk samples. Through FTIR, the unsaturated fatty acid and water element in the samples were analyzed. Both milk samples show higher water element than carbon. Numerical modeling based on Monte Carlo method is also done to support experimental results. The modeling results show that full milk has a larger photon count compared to skimmed milk. This is attributed to the large fat globule in full milk that has higher absorbance over skimmed milk. Thus, characterization of milk fat based on spectroscopy techniques can monitor milk adulteration issues, which indirectly gives us guidance on healthy dairy intakes. KEYWORDS: Absorbance, Transmittance, Milk fat, Monte Carlo, Spectroscopy, Photon count and photon loss.

Milk is a dairy product that contains dissolved proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and many minerals. Milk enhances body growth and provides vital energy and fatty acids. Milk can turn bad after being kept at room temperature for several days. The endurance of milk could depend on its fat and protein composition. Our work aims to compare the quality of milk after being kept at room temperature for several days using spectroscopy methods. Modeling based on scattering theory is also provided to compare the light propagation in milk, water, and air. A VIS-NIR spectrometer was used to observe the light absorption, transmission, and reflectance whereas a modeling approach was applied to study the scattering, absorption, and extinction efficiencies. The milk samples consist of full cream milk kept at room temperature for 8 days, 11 days, 14 days, and 17 days. The results show that milk without fermentation has higher light absorbance and lower transmission compared to milk with fermentation, due to changes in milk composition after the fermentation process. Milk scatters more light compared to water and air due to its fat globule and protein ingredients. The output of this study can be used as a reference for studies involving bacteria or microorganisms in milk. It also can be used to compare the quality of milk with and without air exposure.

Kolokasi merupakan aspek yang penting dan perlu diberi perhatian dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Untuk mengetahui tahap pengetahuan kolokasi dalam bahasa Arab memerlukan alat ukur yang jitu dari segi kesahan konstruk dan kebolehpercayaan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengesahkan instrumen bagi mengukur tahap pengetahuan kolokasi bahasa Arab dalam kalangan graduan bahasa Arab di universiti awam. Untuk tujuan tersebut, set ujian telah diedarkan kepada pelajar tahun akhir yang sedang mengikuti program pengajian bahasa Arab di KUIS. Instrumen yang dibangunkan ini diberi nama instrumen Pengetahuan Kolokasi Bahasa Arab (i-KAC). Seramai 61 orang pelajar awam telah dijadikan responden dalam kajian ini. Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan dalam kajian ini diukur menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch menggunakan perisian Winstep versi 3.68.2. Tahap noise yang diukur adalah sebanyak 4.9% dan jauh daripada nilai terkawal maksima iaitu sebanyak 15%, namun tiada pasangan item yang mengelirukan timbul dalam soal selidik ini. Dari sudut kebolehpercayaan, indek kebolehpercayaan item menunjukkan tahap kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi iaitu 0.91 manakala indeks kebolehpercayaan responden adalah 0.81. Dapatan ini memberikan kesahan konstruk instrument i-KAC. Model Pengukuran Rasch telah menunjukkan bahawa instrumen i-KAC ini mempunyai tahap kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi dan digunakan dalam pengukuran pengetahuan kolokasi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab.

Radio over Free Space Optics (RoFSO) is believed to be the most reliable technology in future communication as it provides high speed, high bandwidth and low consumption energy for data transmission. However, some turbulence weather factor such as fog, haze and rain may cause data attenuation in the FSO network. This project presents the effect of haze attenuation on RoFSO transmission system for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique with Quadrature Amplitude Multiplexing (QAM) scheme. The data obtained was referring to the Air Pollution Index (API) from the region of Sepang, one of the town in Malaysia. The system is modelled and simulated using a software called OptiSystem. The result performance of RoFSO system when being modulated by OFDM is compared in terms of the BER value, received optical power and constellation diagram

Poly(vinylpyrrolidinone)-iron magnetic nanocomposites (PVP-Fe NCs) were synthesised and used as sorbents for the removal of cooking oil from synthetic polluted water. The synthesised nanocomposites (NCs) contained particles with average grain size of 20 to 30 nm and possessed magnetic properties, as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. The oil sorption studies revealed that the NCs are capable to remove up to ca. 80% of oil, and this remained constant irrespective of the total oil loading. Significantly, the oil-coated NCs were easily separated from "cleaned" water through a magnetic attraction using a N50 magnet. This approach, therefore, holds great potential to be scaled up and expanded to various water systems in Malaysia such as sea and river. � 2018 Author(s).

Poly(vinylpyrrolidinone)-iron magnetic nanocomposites (PVP-Fe NCs) were synthesised and used as sorbents for the removal of cooking oil from synthetic polluted water. The synthesised nanocomposites (NCs) contained particles with average grain size of 20 to 30 nm and possessed magnetic properties, as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. The oil sorption studies revealed that the NCs are capable to remove up to ca. 80% of oil, and this remained constant irrespective of the total oil loading. Significantly, the oil-coated NCs were easily separated from cleaned water through a magnetic attraction using a N50 magnet. This approach, therefore, holds great potential to be scaled up and expanded to various water systems in Malaysia such as sea and river.

Ninety percent of the ruby stones available worldwide come from Myanmar. Malaysia is known to be one of the countries that have been importing ruby stones for precious stone industries, manufacturing industries, medical and dentistry applications. There are several gemology tools which are used to investigate the grading of ruby stones such as loop, microscope, and dichroscope. Nevertheless, these tools are highly dependable on human visual assessment and require years of experience that may lead to error since ruby stone quality is evaluated based on its clarity and transparency. Hence, this paper addresses a simulation study on the optical properties of ruby stones via Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Tomography approach. This paper indicates the capability of CCD and tomography system to analyze the ruby stone optical properties through image reconstruction based on the previous research. Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm will be used to construct two-dimensional image reconstruction of varieties ruby stones. From these image reconstructions, the transparency and blemishes of ruby stones can be analyzed.

A two-point block backward difference technique is established for solving nonlinear Riccati differential equations directly. The proposed method is coded using a variable order step size (VOS) algorithm. The advantage of the two-point block method is its programmability to implement parallel programming techniques. Combination of the block method and VOS algorithm allows for a significant reduction of computation cost in comparison to conventional methods. With an added advantage of the recursive relationship between integration coefficients of different orders, the proposed two-point block method provides efficient computation without loss of accuracy. � 2018 Author(s).

This research discusses an application of Couple-Charge Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system. Tomography is a system that could capture a cross-sectional image based on sensor data scattered across the periphery of the examining device in non-invasive and non-intrusive framework. This project is focusing on how to quantify the level of object transparency based on CCD and mathematical modelling assessment. The objective of this project is to investigate the light refraction, reflection and absorption effect on object transparency. The study will include discussion on the light parameters and its mathematical expression. The voltage output measured by CCD defines the degree of intensity of light that is obtained after penetrating through different object transparency. In conclusion, this research has successfully proved the potential of CCD in OPT configuration to detect different size diameter of targeted transparent object which is the air bubble in non-flowing crystal-clear liquid.

Presently, Malaysia is fostering growth in the green energy sector in order to reduce its carbon emissions and contribute in the fight against global warming. Renewable Energy (RE) such as solar cell could no longer be considered as a green technology because at the end of their lifecycle, they become non- biodegradable waste which in turn constitutes pollution and contributes to global warming. Thus, the aim of this research is to study a self-sustaining solar module produced by upcycling solar cells from non- biodegradable waste. Several solar cells from electronic devices were reused in this study. The results obtained show that a combination of 4V, 3V and 2V reused solar cells produced 10.20V and 47.9mW of power. This indicates that the proposed upcycled solar module is feasible and has the potential to aid in the promotion of clean and renewable energy use in order to attain the desired sustainable development goals.

The era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 has brought the debate of teachers' willingness to use information technology in teaching Arabic. Thus, new technologies have emerged with a positive effect on teaching, such as augmented reality technology applied in the education system, especially in teaching. However, there is still limited research with regards to teaching in a foreign language. Therefore, the present study discusses the readiness of teachers from the aspect of knowledge and their attitude towards the use of augmented reality technology in the teaching of Arabic in Malaysia. The study was carried out using quantitative methodology with the use of survey questionnaire that is distributed to 36 Arabic language teachers as respondents. The usage of questionnaires as a research instrument forms the basis for data collection to identify respondents’ level of readiness. Afterwards, data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Science version 26 (SPSS). The results of the study show that the level of readiness of the teachers in terms of their attitude towards the use of augmented reality technology in the teaching of Arabic in Malaysia is at a moderate level. Nevertheless, teachers' attitudes and knowledge are still found to be at a low level, especially for veteran teachers who have no experience in information technology to influence their enthusiasm towards the use of technology in their teaching. The implication of the current study is hoped to be useful and beneficial as a guide to stakeholders who are responsible for ensuring the process of teaching and learning Arabic which is based on augmented reality technology can be implemented in a meaningful way, thereby improving the performance of students in mastering the Arabic language.