Patent license is established when the patent owner allows the other party to exercise rights granted under the patent grant based on the terms specified in the patent license contract. However, there is no standard form of patent license contract and hence, parties are left with their own discretion to decide the terms to be included in the patent license. The freedom to include terms in the patent license led parties to expand their rights via inclusion of anti-competitive provisions in the patent license. Thus, competition law authority plays its role in determining whether terms included in the patent license affects competition process. In fact, patent license is expected to comply with regulations set by the competition law authority if it contains provisions which are anti-competitive in nature. This research evaluates the legal mechanisms employed by the Malaysia and EU competition authority in order to establish whether the mechanisms have adequately address issues relating to competition law in patent license. It also seeks to identify problems surrounding the patent license contract and explores how it affects the competition law. The findings indicate that while Malaysia has the basic legal mechanism to implement competition law in patent license, which is Competition Act 2010, but review of the Competition Act 2010 and additional legal mechanisms such as Guidelines are necessary to cater the needs arising from the patent license.

Malaysia telah memperkenalkan undang-undang domestik berkaitan persaingan pada tahun 2010 yang berkuatkuasa sejak tahun 2012. Pembangunan Undang-Undang Persaingan di Malaysia ialah selaras dengan Pelan Tindakan Ekonomi ASEAN yang ditandatangani pada tahun 2007 yang bertujuan menggalakkan ahli negara-negara ASEAN memperkenalkan Undang-undang Persaingan domestik di negara masing-masing menjelang tahun 2015 bagi menjadikan ASEAN sebagai rantau yang berdaya saing. Hasrat tersebut diteruskan melalui Pelan Tindakan Komuniti Ekonomi ASEAN 2025 yang antaranya memastikan agar Undang-Undang Persaingan dapat dilaksanakan dengan berkesan di kalangan negara anggota ASEAN berpandukan pada garis panduan ASEAN yang telah dipersetujui. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti mekanisma undang-undang yang digunakan oleh Malaysia bagi tujuan membangunkan Undang-Undang Persaingan domestiknya dan juga menganalisis mekanisma undang-undang yang digunapakai bagi tujuan pelaksanaannya di Malaysia.

TRIPS Agreement acknowledged that some licensing restrictions contained in a patent license contract may contravene the principles of competition law. Hence, adoption of appropriate measures to address issues concerning patent license which relates with competition law has been expressly provided by the TRIPS Agreement in its various provisions. Malaysia as a signatory of the TRIPS Agreement is expected to comply with the recommendations in addressing issues concerning patent license and competition law. Therefore, it is the purpose of this article to identify extends of compliance by Malaysia with respect to the suggestions provided by the TRIPS Agreement. The result shows that Malaysia adopts the recommendations provided by the TRIPS Agreement in its legislation, particularly the Patents Act 1983.

The common objectives of competition law in most jurisdictions in the world including Malaysia are to enhance economic growth via the competition process and provide protection to consumers. Hence, in order to achieve that purpose, commercial practices are subject to the scrutiny of the competition authority to ensure that their activities comply with the provisions provided by the competition law. Therefore, it is the objective of this article to identify areas in the Competition Act 2010 which are relevant for business operators and to provide suggestions so that infringement of provisions in the Competition Act 2010 can be avoided. This research employs a library based approach which collects data from statutes, decided cases, books and journals.

Under the competition law, refusal to license is a form of abuse of dominant position for which certain requirements must be met based on the existing legislations, guidelines and decided cases. As the Malaysian Competition Act 2010 is fairly nascent as compared to the European Union (EU) jurisdiction, it is pertinent to learn how the latter establishes the elements of refusal to license in declaring it as a form of abuse of dominant position. Hence, the objective of this paper is to identify provisions relating to refusal to license in Malaysia and provide a comparative analysis relating to the approaches adopted by the EU and Malaysia in this area with specific focus on database rights. This paper employs library based methods and analyses data by way of comparative approach. The findings indicate that while Malaysia Competition Act 2010 provides provisions relating to refusal to license, but such provisions are yet to be tested.

The introduction of the competition law in Malaysia via Competition Act 2010 has brought a tremendous shift in business practices. Common practice in businesses such as collusion to exploit quantity and price of goods in the market is no longer permitted with the coming into force the Competition Act 2010 in 2012. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to identify roles of Malaysia competition law in regulating anti-competitive business conduct in Malaysia. The result indicated that while competition law in Malaysia plays its role in combating anti-competitive business conduct, improvements of the provisions such as inclusion of specific merger provisions in the Competition Act 2010 and specific guidelines for intellectual property matters are needed in order to further support implementation of competition law in Malaysia. This paper employs library based approach which collects data from statutes, decided cases, journals and books.

Researchers raised the question whether patent law is in conflict with the competition law. They call for investigations on the areas in which patent law is in conflict with the competition law. Previous researchers managed to identify the areas and found that they are not conflicting but actually complementing the competition law. Thus, this article seeks to identify the relationship between competition law and patent law in Malaysia. In addition, the paper will examine areas in the Malaysia Patents Act 1983 which facilitates implementation of competition law in Malaysia. The result shows that, while there exists relationship between competition and patent law in Malaysia, some of which are indicated in the form of provisions in the Patents Act 1983 which facilitate implementation of competition law, yet, such provisions requires further improvement in order to enhance implementation of competition law in patent cases.

Malaysia Competition Act 2010 was introduced recently by the Malaysian government in 2010 which came into effect in 2012. Among the aim of the Competition Act 2010 is to encourage economic development via regulating competition process for commercial activity in Malaysia. As such, Malaysia Competition Commission was established under the Competition Commission Act 2010 to implement provisions contained in the Competition Act 2010. Since the Competition Act 2010 is new, it remains uncertain whether the provisions in the Competition Act 2010 affects ongoing business practices in Malaysia. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify provisions in the Competition Act 2010 which implicates commercial activity in Malaysia. Result of the study indicated that provisions relating to two main prohibitions contained in the Competition Act 2010, namely anti-competitive agreement and abuse of dominant position are applicable to various commercial activity in Malaysia. This study reveals that, although the Competition Act 2010 is silent on the detail application of its provisions in specific commercial sector, yet it provides general outline to be applied to all types of commercial activity in Malaysia.

Malaysia merupakan salah sebuah negara yang mewujudkan undang undang yang spesifik berkaitan dengan persaingan selepas Indonesia, Singapura,Thailand dan Vietnam. Akta Persaingan 2010 telah digubal oleh Parlimen Malaysia dan dikuatkuasakan pada tahun 2012. Suruhanjaya Persaingan Malaysia yang diwujudkan di bawah Akta Suruhanjaya Persaingan 2010 merupakan badan yang diberikan tanggungjawab untuk menguatkuasakan peruntukan yang terkandung dalam Akta Persaingan 2010. Melalui Akta Persaingan 2010, Malaysia bermatlamat untuk meningkatkan ekonomi melalui proses persaingan yang bertujuan memberikan perlindungan kepada pengguna. Secara umumnya, Akta Persaingan 2010 menghalang perusahaan daripada terlibat dengan dua jenis kegiatan, iaitu perjanjian antipersaingan serta penyalahgunaan kedudukan dominan. Dengan wujudnya Akta Persaingan 2010, kerajaan berharap agar aktiviti antipersaingan dapat dielakkan. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi menganalisis peruntukan yang terkandung dalam Akta Persaingan 2010. Tujuan kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti peruntukan dalam Akta Persaingan 2010 serta menganalisis pemakaian peruntukan ini dalam sektor perniagaan di Malayia. Pendekatan kajian secara kualitatif, iaitu analisis terhadap dokumen perundangan yang relevan. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa Akta Persaingan 2010 memberikan asas terhadap persaingan yang sihat dalam pelbagai aktiviti komersial dan pemakaian umum.