Browsing by Author "Nizam Bin Baharom"
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Publication The effectiveness of various gargle formulations and salt water against SARS-CoV-2(Nature Publishing Group, 2021) ;Vunjia Tiong ;Pouya Hassandarvish ;Sazaly Abu Bakar ;Nurul Azmawati Binti Mohamed @ Abd Aziz ;Wan Shahida Binti Wan Sulaiman ;Nizam Bin Baharom ;Farishah Nur Abdul SamadChe Ilina Binti Che IsahakThe COVID-19 is difficult to contain due to its high transmissibility rate and a long incubation period of 5 to 14 days. Moreover, more than half of the infected patients were young and asymptomatic. Virus transmission through asymptomatic patients is a major challenge to disease containment. Due to limited treatment options, preventive measures play major role in controlling the disease spread. Gargling with antiseptic formulation may have potential role in eliminating the virus in the throat. Four commercially available mouthwash/gargle formulations were tested for virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 in both clean (0.3 g/l BSA) and dirty (0.3 g/l BSA + 3 mL/L human erythrocytes) conditions at time points 30 and 60 s. The virus was isolated and propagated in Vero E6 cells. The cytotoxicity of the products to the Vero E6 was evaluated by kill time assay based on the European Standard EN14476:2013/FprA1:2015 protocol. Virus titres were calculated as 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50/mL) using the Spearman-Karber method. A reduction in virus titer of 4 log10 corresponds to an inactivation of ≥ 99.99%. Formulations with cetylperidinium chloride, chlorhexidine and hexitidine achieved > 4 log10 reduction in viral titres when exposed within 30 s under both clean and dirty conditions. Thymol formulations achieved only 0.5 log10 reduction in viral titres. In addition, salt water was not proven effective. Gargle formulations with cetylperidinium chloride, chlorhexidine and hexetidine have great potential in reducing SAR-CoV-2 at the source of entry into the body, thus minimizing risk of transmission of COVID-19. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students In A Public University: A Study Protocol(USIM Press, 2021) ;Tengku Amatullah Madeehah Tengku Mohd ;Amirah Binti Azzeri ;Nurin Zaidi ;Arni Affandi ;Shasha Sheikh ;Izlyn Izani ;Amalin Muhammad ;Syahidatul Sufyan ;Sarah Saharudin ;Adlina Anuar ;Syazana Aisyah Azlan ;Nurin Norhakimi ;Humaira Mahadi ;Munirah Ghazali ;Nuurain Amirah Binti Mohd Razi ;Nadeeya'ayn Umaisara Binti Mohamad Nor ;Mohamed Fakhri Bin Abu Baharin ;Nizam Bin Baharom ;Mohd Dzulkhairi Bin Mohd Rani ;Aza Sherin Binti Mohamad Yusuff ;Zairina Binti A. RahmanMohd Hafiz Bin JaafarThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge impact towards the teaching and learning activities in medical schools. Due to the outbreak, the curricular activities were shifted to a mainly digitised version of learning format. The purpose of this paper is to present the study design and methodology of a population-based survey on the impact of COVID-19 among medical students. The survey aims to investigate the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on the COVID-19 pandemic, the online learning readiness and psychological status among medical students in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). A universal sampling method will be used that involve 475 medical students from Year 1 to Year 6 in USIM. The data collection will be conducted through an online survey. The questionnaire consists of three components: the study of KAP on COVID-19, the online learning readiness and psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Both of the KAP and online learning readiness questionnaire will be adopted, adapted and validated from previous research and will be based on a local study. As for the depression, anxiety and stress, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire will be used. Duration of data collection is expected to be one month, and findings are expected to be ready by three months from the last data collection date. The exposure variables include sociodemographic factors and years of study, while the outcomes are the KAP scores, online learning readiness level, and DASS scores. Relationships between the outcomes and associated factors will be analysed once data collection is completed.