Browsing by Author "Noh, NA"
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Publication A Classification on Brain Wave Patterns for Parkinson's Patients Using WEKA(Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2015) ;Mahfuz, N ;Ismail, W ;Noh, NA ;Jali, MZ ;Abdullah, Dbin Nordin, MJIn this paper, classification of brain wave using real-world data from Parkinson's patients in producing an emotional model is presented. Electroencephalograph (EEG) signal is recorded on eleven Parkinson's patients. This paper aims to find the "best" classification for brain wave patterns in patients with Parkinson's disease. This work performed is based on the four phases, which are first phase is raw data and after data processing using statistical features such as mean and standard deviation. The second phase is the sum of hertz, the third is the sum of hertz divided by the number of hertz, and last is the sum of hertz divided by total hertz. We are using five attributes that are patients, class, domain, location, and hertz. The data were classified using WEKA. The results showed that BayesNet gave a consistent result for all the phases from multilayer perceptron and K-Means. However, K-Mean gave the highest result in the first phase. Our results are based on a real-world data from Parkinson's patients. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication A neurophysiological insight into the potential link between transcranial magnetic stimulation, thalamocortical dysrhythmia and neuropsychiatric disorders(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2013) ;Fuggetta, GNoh, NAAltered neural oscillations and their abnormal synchronization are crucial factors in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. There is increasing evidence that the perturbation with an abnormal increase of spontaneous thalamocortical neural oscillations lead to a phenomenon termed Thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD) which underlies the symptomatology of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, tinnitus, major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In addition, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neurophysiological tool that has been shown to both induce a modulation of neural oscillations and alleviate a wide range of human neuropsychiatric pathologies. However, little is known about the precise electrophysiological mechanisms behind the therapeutic effect of rTMS and its potential to improve abnormal oscillations across diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we show, using combined rTMS and surface electroencephalography (EEG), a short lasting frequency-dependent rTMS after-effect on thalamocortical rhythmic interplay of low-frequency oscillations in healthy humans at rest. In particular, high-frequency rTMS (10 Hz) induces a transient synchronised activity for delta (5) and theta (0) rhythms thus mimicking the pathological TCD-like oscillations. In contrast rTMS 1 and 5 Hz have the opposite outcome of de-synchronising low-frequency brain rhythms. These results lead to a new neurophysiological insight of basic mechanisms underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders and a probable electrophysiological mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of rTMS. Thus, we propose the use of rTMS and EEG as a platform to test possible treatments of TCD phenotypes by restoring proper neural oscillations across various neuropsychiatric disorders. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Clinical implications of blood pressure variability (BPV) in pregnancies: a review(Walter De Gruyter GMBH, 2019) ;Kasim, HH ;Masri, MA ;Noh, NA ;Mokhtar, AMokhtar, RHBackground: Hypertension disorder in pregnancy (HDP) is the second most common contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Blood pressure variability (BPV), with the assistance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), measures blood pressure readings in pregnant women and has the potential to predict the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) or preeclampsia (PE) before any symptoms develop. Methodology: Studies involving ABPM among pregnant women were identified using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Medscape, Ovid and ProQuest. These electronic databases were assessed from 1990 to 2018. Keywords used to search for literatures included a combination of BPV matched with pregnancy, pregnant women and HDP, gestational hypertension and/or PE. Results: Out of 21,526 articles identified, a total of 10 studies met the criteria. Seven articles used the spectral analysis method while another two articles used a combination of spectral analysis, time domain and a nonlinear method for BPV analysis. The final article described BPV as vagal baroreflex. Four articles agreed that high frequency (HF) BPV was mainly dominant from the second trimester until 4 days postpartum in HDP patients. This reflects the dominant features of parasympathetic activities among these patients. Two articles that used time domain also agreed that standard deviation (SD) BPV increased in PE patients. Conclusions: In pregnancy, BPV has a strong impact on the knowledge understanding of the disease in clinical fields, allows a superior ability to predict PIH and PE in mid-pregnancy and offers potential value for addressing hypertension in pregnancy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Comparison of access to medicines between Klang Valley and East Coast of peninsular Malaysia for children living in poor households(Pharmacotherapy Group, 2016) ;Saiful, A ;Ithnin, M ;Rani, MDM ;Noh, NA ;Hamid, NA ;Mohamed, IN ;Al-Naggar, RAripin, KNBPurpose: To compare access to medicines in children living in poor households (income of USD1/person/day) between urbanised Klang Valley and rural East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted with caregivers to determine demographics, access to medicines, knowledge, attitude and practice of parents in obtaining medicines for children. Results: There was no significant difference socio-demographically between poor households in Klang Valley (N = 58) and East Coast (N = 40). The study found that access to medicine for children (N = 325) in the households was adequate, where all households that reported illness in the children over the last 1 month and the last 6 month periods, obtained medicines and 99 % of the children were fully immunized. Qualitative analysis showed that poor households face several barriers in accessing medicines for their children such as financial, transportation, physical and attitudinal. Conclusion: Access to medicines for children living in poor households in both areas were similar and adequate. However, barriers to access remain and further studies are required. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication DNA damage and protein oxidation associated with ageing correlate with cognitive dysfunction in a Malaysian population(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) ;Sani, NFA ;Damanhuri, MHA ;Hamzah, AIZA ;Abu Bakar, ZH ;Tan, JK ;Aripin, KNN ;Rani, MDM ;Noh, NA ;Shamaan, NA ;Razali, R ;Yusof, YAM ;Mazlan, M ;Makpol, SNgah, WZWAgeing is associated with increased oxidative stress accompanied by cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and their possible relationship with cognitive performances during ageing among the Malay population. Approximately 160 healthy Malay adults aged between 28 and 79 years were recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley. Cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), forward digit span (FDS), backward digit span (BDS), digit symbol, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate recalled [RAVLT(I)] and delayed recalled [RAVLT(D)], and visual reproduction immediate recalled (VR-I) and delayed recalled (VR-II). DNA damage, plasma protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also determined. Cognitive function test showed significant lower scores of MoCA, BDS, RAVLT(I), RAVLT(D), digit symbol, VR-I, and VR-II in the older age group (60 years old) compared with the 30-, 40-, and 50-year-old group. The extent of DNA damage was sequential with age: 60 > 50 > 40 > 30, whereas protein carbonyl was higher in 40-, 50-, and 60-year-old groups compared with the youngest group (30 years old). However, the MDA level was observed unchanged in all age groups. Approximately 21.88% of the participants had cognitive impairment. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that DNA damage and protein carbonyl levels are predictors for cognitive impairment in healthy Malays. In conclusion, cognitive decline occurred in healthy adult Malay population at an early age of 30 years old with corresponding higher DNA damage and protein oxidation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Exploring Cortical Plasticity and Oscillatory Brain Dynamics via Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Resting-State Electroencephalogram(Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Medical Sciences, 2016)Noh, NATranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive, non-pharmacological technique that is able to modulate cortical activity beyond the stimulation period. The residual aftereffects are akin to the plasticity mechanism of the brain and suggest the potential use of TMS for therapy. For years, TMS has been shown to transiently improve symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the underlying neural correlates remain elusive. Recently, there is evidence that altered connectivity of brain network dynamics is the mechanism underlying symptoms of various neuropsychiatric illnesses. By combining TMS and electroencephalography (EEG), the functional connectivity patterns among brain regions, and the causal link between function or behaviour and a specific brain region can be determined. Nonetheless, the brain network connectivity are highly complex and involve the dynamics interplay among multitude of brain regions. In this review article, we present previous TMS-EEG co-registration studies, which explore the functional connectivity patterns of human cerebral cortex. We argue the possibilities of neural correlates of long-term potentiation/depression (LTP-/LTD)-like mechanisms of synaptic plasticity that drive the TMS aftereffects as shown by the dissociation between EEG and motor evoked potentials (MEP) cortical output. Here, we also explore alternative explanations that drive the EEG oscillatory modulations post TMS. The precise knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying TMS will help characterise disturbances in oscillatory patterns, and the altered functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric illnesses. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Exploring The Dichotomy Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation's Frequencies On Brain Wave Patterns(Penerbit Utm Press, 2016) ;Noh, NA ;Mokhtar, A ;Hamid, NA ;Rani, MDMShamaan, NADisturbance in brain oscillations is observed in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Any tool that has the potential to restore abnormal brain oscillations is therefore beneficial to patients with neuropsychiatric illnesses. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one such tool. It is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which is able to alter brain oscillations depending on its parameters of stimulation and is used in clinical setting because of its potential therapeutic effects on the brain. However, the optimum stimulation parameters to induce the therapeutic effect of rTMS remains elusive. Therefore, it is important to investigate the differential effects between high versus low frequency of magnetic stimulation on the mechanism of brain oscillations in human subjects. Here we show, using combined rTMS and surface electroencephalography (EEG) that low and high frequencies of magnetic stimulation would induce dichotomy effects in EEG brain oscillatory activity. In particular, high-frequency rTMS 10Hz induces a synchronised oscillations for theta brain rhythm. In contrast, low-frequency rTMS 1Hz desynchronises neural oscillations on the same brain rhythm. Taken together, our results show that the desynchronisation effect of low-frequency rTMS 1Hz may potentially reverse the interference of altered neural oscillations. More extensive basic and clinical research using combined rTMS and EEG are needed to determine the optimum parameters of rTMS stimulation to restore adequate neural oscillations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Human cortical theta reactivity to high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(Wiley, 2012) ;Noh, NAFuggetta, GElectroencephalography (EEG) can directly monitor the temporal progression of cortical changes induced by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and facilitate the understanding of cortical and subcortical influences in the genesis of oscillations. In this combined rTMS/EEG study, we aimed to investigate changes in oscillatory activity after high-frequency (similar to 11 Hz) rTMS relative to the number of applied pulses. Twenty intermittent trains of 20 or 60 rTMS pulses were delivered over the human primary motor cortex at rest and tuned to individual mu frequency. The regional and interregional oscillatory neural activity after stimulation were evaluated using event-related power (ERPow) and event-related coherence (ERCoh) transformations. The most prominent changes for ERPow were observed in the theta band (4-7 Hz), as an increase in ERPow up to 20 s following 60 rTMS pulses, whereas ERPow increases were smaller in mu (1012 Hz) and beta (1330 Hz). ERCoh revealed that rTMS 60 modulated the connectivity in the theta band for up to 20 s. The topography of mu and theta changes were not identical; mu was more focal and theta was more global. Our data suggested the presence of independent cortical theta and mu generators with different reactivity to rTMS but could not rule out possible thalamocortical contributions in generating theta and mu over the motor network. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2224-2237, 2012. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Is ABPM a Better Device for Monitoring Pregnancy than Sphygmomanometer?(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2019) ;Kasim, HH ;Masri, MA ;Noh, NA ;Mokhtar, AMokhtar, RH - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Long Lasting Modulation of Cortical Oscillations after Continuous Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(Public Library Science, 2012) ;Noh, NA ;Fuggetta, G ;Manganotti, PFiaschi, ATranscranial magnetic theta burst stimulation (TBS) differs from other high-frequency rTMS protocols because it induces plastic changes up to an hour despite lower stimulus intensity and shorter duration of stimulation. However, the effects of TBS on neuronal oscillations remain unclear. In this study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate changes of neuronal oscillations after continuous TBS (cTBS), the protocol that emulates long-term depression (LTD) form of synaptic plasticity. We randomly divided 26 healthy humans into two groups receiving either Active or Sham cTBS as control over the left primary motor cortex (M1). Post-cTBS aftereffects were assessed with behavioural measurements at rest using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and at active state during the execution of a choice reaction time (RT) task in combination with continuous electrophysiological recordings. The cTBS-induced EEG oscillations were assessed using event-related power (ERPow), which reflected regional oscillatory activity of neural assemblies of theta (4-7.5 Hz), low alpha (8-9.5 Hz), mu (10-12.5 Hz), low beta (13-19.5 Hz), and high beta (20-30 Hz) brain rhythms. Results revealed 20-min suppression of MEPs and at least 30-min increase of ERPow modulation, suggesting that besides MEPs, EEG has the potential to provide an accurate cortical readout to assess cortical excitability and to investigate the interference of cortical oscillations in the human brain post-cTBS. We also observed a predominant modulation of beta frequency band, supporting the hypothesis that cTBS acts more on cortical level. Theta oscillations were also modulated during rest implying the involvement of independent cortical theta generators over the motor network post cTBS. This work provided more insights into the underlying mechanisms of cTBS, providing a possible link between synchronised neural oscillations and LTD in humans. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Phoenix Dactylifera (Date Fruits) Administration To Animal Models Of Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review Of Health Benefits(New Century Health Publishers, Llc, 2016) ;Nurlaily, A ;Noraini, S ;Said, SN ;Jayachandran, R ;Azlina, M ;Othman, A ;Shamaan, NANoh, NAA systematic review of literature was conducted to examine the effects of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) interventions aimed at alleviating neurological diseases in animal models. Searches were conducted on electronic databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science as well as hand searching. Retrieved studies represented a variety of intervention approaches (types of extraction, parts of plant used) with animal models of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and substance -induced brain damage. Phoenix dactylifera interventions were associated with reduced degeneration of neurons, reduced oxidative stress markers, improved antioxidant status and neuronal histological changes in ischemic stroke.and brain damage when compared to the control. Phoenix dactylifera was also found to reduce oxidative stress level and improve endogenous antioxidant status, lower plasma level of beta-amyloid and neuroinflammatory cytokine, improved neurobehavioral deficits and cognitive performances in the Alzheimer's group. This review suggests that there is an association between Phoenix dactylifera and improvement of neurological disease markers in animal models of neurological diseases. The effects of Phoenix dactylifera by reducing oxidative stress level and improving antioxidant status in neurological diseases render it as a potential neuroprotective agent. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of Phoenix dactylifera in conferring neuroprotective activity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Relationship between Education and Cognitive Performance among Healthy Malay Adults(Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2016) ;Hamzah, AIZA ;Abu Bakar, ZH ;Sani, NFA ;Tan, JK ;Damanhuri, MHA ;Aripin, KNN ;Rani, MDM ;Noh, NA ;Razali, R ;Mohamad, M ;Makpol, S ;Mazlan, M ;Hamid, HANgah, WZWHigher level of education is associated with better cognitive performance and lower risk of developing dementia. However, the effect of education on cognitive performance varies across different cognitive domains and in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between education and performance of different cognitive domains among healthy Malay adults. A total of 53 individuals aged 29 to 77 years participated in a battery of neurophysiological tests consisting of Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, digit span, visual reproduction and digit symbol speed test (DSST). Blood test was performed for each participant to obtain their biochemical profile. Educational level was divided into level 1 (PMR), level 2 (SPM), level 3 (STPM), level 4 (Diploma) and level 5 (Degree). Simple linear regression indicated that years of education was positively associated with scores of delayed visual reproduction (b=1.348, p=0.002) and DSST (b=3.257, p=0.012). However, scores of all the tests were not significantly different among different levels of education after controlling for age, gender and blood test profile by ANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MMSE score was associated with red cell distribution width (b=-0.628, p=0.005), age (b=-0.119, p<0.001) and there was interaction between high density lipoprotein (HDL) with age (b=0.047, p<001). MoCA score was associated with age (b=-0.121, p<0.001), gender (male compared to female, b=1.870, p=0.020) and HDL (b=1.681, p=0.047). Age was associated with backward digit span (b=-0098, p<0.001) and immediate visual reproduction (b=-0.348, p<0.001), resp. Delayed visual reproduction was associated with age (b=0.323, p<0.001) and potassium level (b=-4.471, p=0.016). DSST was associated with age (b=-0.911, p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (b=-0.754, p=0.002). The lack of association between educational level and cognitive performance after adjusting for confounders in this study maybe due to multiple factors influencing cognitive performance and further studies with a larger sample size are needed to further identify the factors involved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alters the Functional Topography of the Cortical Motor Network(Univ Sains Malaysia, SCH Medical Sciences, 2015) ;Noh, NA ;Fuggetta, GManganotti, PBackground: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool that is able to modulate the electrical activity of the brain depending upon its protocol of stimulation. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a high-frequency TMS protocol that is able to induce prolonged plasticity changes in the brain. The induction of plasticity-like effects by TBS is useful in both experimental and therapeutic settings; however, the underlying neural mechanisms of this modulation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous TBS (cTBS) on the intrahemispheric and interhemispheric functional connectivity of the resting and active brain. Methods: A total of 26 healthy humans were randomly divided into two groups that received either real cTBS or sham (control) over the left primary motor cortex. Surface electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to quantify the changes of neural oscillations after cTBS at rest and after a choice reaction time test. The cTBS-induced EEG oscillations were computed using spectral analysis of event-related coherence (ERCoh) of theta (4-7.5 Hz), low alpha (8-9.5 Hz), high alpha (10-12.5 Hz), low beta (13-19.5 Hz), and high beta (20-30 Hz) brain rhythms. Results: We observed a global decrease in functional connectivity of the brain in the cTBS group when compared to sham in the low beta brain rhythm at rest and high beta brain rhythm during the active state. In particular, EEG spectral analysis revealed that high-frequency beta, a cortically generated brain rhythm, was the most sensitive band that was modulated by cTBS. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that cTBS, a TMS protocol that mimics the mechanism of long-term depression of synaptic plasticity, modulates motor network oscillations primarily at the cortical level and might interfere with cortical information coding.