Pembentukan Pekan Papan, salah sebuah pekan lama perlombongan bijih timah di Lembah Kinta, Perak, berkait rapat dengan perkembangan aktiviti ekonomi yang menunjukkan perkembangan budaya campur antara kaum di Malaysia. Senario ini dapat dilihat melalui penciptaan bangunan yang dikelilingi oleh landskap kawasan perlombongan bijih timah, struktur bandar terancang dan kekayaan ciri seni bina yang menentukan nilai budayanya. Pada masa ini, keadaan bangunan tersebut terabai disebabkan oleh pembandaran pesat dan pemasukan bandar yang tidak terkawal, yang telah mengancam pekan lama walaupun struktur dan sifat tersendiri bandar itu mengusang. Makalah ini memfokuskan cara strategi pemuliharaan bekas pekan perlombongan bijih timah di Malaysia yang merupakan antara sebab entiti warisan budaya rakyat Malaysia dilindungi, yang boleh dihasilkan dengan mengkaji ciri fizikal elemennya. Dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif, penyelidikan ini meneroka, mengenal pasti dan menilai elemen ketara dengan meninjau semula definisi dan konsep sifat fizikal serta nilai budaya daripada perspektif pemuliharaan bandar menyifatkan identiti sesuatu tempat melalui pemahaman faktor kejelasan. Kajian ini penting untuk memahami ciri-ciri fizikal bekas pekan perlombongan bijih timah yang ada kini terbiar, mengusang dan mungkin akan musnah tidak lama lagi. Kajian ini akan memperkaya dokumentasi bersejarah dan strategi pemuliharaan dengan merangsang hubungan antara deria tempat dengan kualiti pengalaman berkaitan dengan aktiviti sosial dan budaya sebagai sebahagian daripada ciri keunikan pekan lama yang dapat dinikmati oleh pihak berkepentingan dan generasi masa depan.

In a Muslim community, the mosque or masjid is considered to be important because they have served as key locations for religious gatherings and centres for political and social activities in the community since the dawn of Islam. A heritage masjid in Malaysia is classified as having traditional architecture, which includes a distinctive style and material that represents the local people's customs and culture. Traditional architecture in Negeri Sembilan is in jeopardy as a result of rapid urbanization. Its abandonment might lead to the disappearance of its information, documentation, and features due to a change in design and materials. Whether as a consequence of natural calamities or human invasion, architectural heritage is constantly under risk. Therefore, preservation and conservation are essential stages in the life cycle of a historic property. Heritage masjid are important to protect, because it depicts the authenticity and workmanship of local villagers in an age before modern technology. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current condition of heritage masjid in Negeri Sembilan. This research employed on-site observations and includes a comprehensive review of the literature approach on various documentation. This paper concludes with a discussion of how these findings will contribute to the improvement of the current situation and the preservation of the functional aspects of Negeri Sembilan heritage masjid.

Wood-carving arts in Malaysia started out in the 14th century with Animism and then the Hindu- Buddha influence. The motifs and patterns were mostly flora and fauna based. But with the rise of Islam in the 15th century, the art was basically resurrected with appearance that is accordance to the Islam Law. Though, there might be a slight issue in knowing the difference of motifs between the eras and why certain motifs are no longer used now. Carving is one of the branches of art that the Malays have as a traditional legacy. High level of skill and techniques are needed in the art of wood-carving as it is both a decoration, an art form as well as a display of symbolic carved elements. That is why ratherthan totally abandoning the art form, to comply with the Islamic rules, it is evolved into something beautiful and at the same time showing obedience to the creator, Allah SWT. For that, it is important to understand the evolution of Malay wood-carving motifs before the rise of Islam and after it is implemented. After conducting a research on multiple past papers, the reasons and proof on why there are woodcarving motifs that are forbidden and some are allowed, were found. This article will discuss some aspects in traditional wood-carving concepts, history and after the emergence of Islam. Keywords: Wood-Carving, Animism, Islamic Influence, Tanah Melayu.

The existing urban campus is very much affected by rapid urbanization and the globalized knowledge economy. It must adapt its development to these challenges to ensure its continuous significance in the context. This study evaluates the new urban spaces of the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur (UTM-KL), an urban campus that had evolved since the 1950s. Using a qualitative method for a single case study, a morphological study was done based on visual observation, and document review. The finding reveals that the new development applied a different planning approach to the original campus planning, affecting the urban spaces. It is recommended to design the new planning development concerning the existing context to maintain the spaces' value towards retaining the sense of belonging and attachment to the place.

Traditional Malay houses in every state of Malaysia were built with various customs and cultures. Each state has its characteristics, design, and concepts that form its distinctive identity. The uniqueness of their traditional houses is a symbol of their society. This paper introduces the differences of Negeri Sembilan traditional house typology. The differences in the design represent various purposes that are often associated with its own culture and customs practiced by the community. The study involves several villages in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Data collection was obtained through a process of observation, interviews, questionnaires, and photography. This research provide awareness and reference to the younger generation to know more about their traditional architecture in Malaysia, especially in Negeri Sembilan. Protecting and maintaining the identity and uniqueness of the Negeri Sembilan traditional houses is increasingly difficult, and it is our duty to protect them from being vanished.

Rumah kampung, or Malay house, exemplifies the richness and insight of traditional buildings, sharing a home with people, and living in peace with nature. The typical Malay home is a building elevated on stilts high above the ground, covered with thatch roofs, encased with wooden walls, and pierced with windows and lattices in its most basic form. Due to the increasing interest in cultural heritage as a driving force of socio-economic development, many initiatives involving its preservation, conservation, restoration, and dissemination are undertaken throughout the globe. Conservation entails taking physical steps to preserve the fabric and elements of heritage buildings. It is a method of preventing deterioration from extending the life of buildings. According to the conservation concept, building conservation should maintain as much of the original building structure and fabric as feasible. Heritage buildings are now conserved based on historical and cultural considerations, and the cultural value of the architecture of historic buildings is slowly appreciated. The techniques, methods, and materials used to build and construct the buildings are the primary concern in conservation projects. This paper aims to investigate the current conservation process using the digitalization approach to document Negeri Sembilan Traditional Malay House. Data collection provides a literature review, whereby the current conservation process for cases in Malaysia and various countries will be reviewed. Content analysis was utilized to analyze the results. The findings of this paper provide helpful information regarding the potential development of digitalization based on the conservation process to be used further in the future traditional conservation building.

Sustainable development means meeting current needs without destroying future potentials. Since the introduction of environmental education, people have become more aware of the consequences of their actions and possible prevention and solutions. Based on the review of 7 papers that studied environmental education in preschools, focusing on methodology, teacher training, and government policy. The main objectives are to identify implementation problems of environmental education and suggest better ways of teaching and implementing environmental education. NVivo software was used to analyze emerging themes in the selected research papers that focus on environmental education in preschools, using thematic analysis to analyse the data. As a result, several themes concerning preschool stakeholders, training, curriculum, and policy were identified. The main result showed that few preschools that implemented environmental education with the government's support, a nature-based curriculum, and trained teachers had a more favourable impact on the environmental awareness of both teachers and children. This has led to developing of a Pro-Environmental Behavioural framework for Environmental Education in Preschools.

A house is one of the necessities in the life of every human being. It is more than simply a shelter or structure but also significant in providing privacy to its occupants. This study aims to investigate the visual privacy regulated in different types of Negeri Sembilan Traditional Malay House (TMH). Different types of house layouts based on the number of pillars were selected in order to investigate the visual privacy. The research methodology utilizes case studies which include observations and interviews. Both case study portrays that visual privacy is regulated in Negeri Sembilan TMH despite the size of the house. The houses provide the need for visual privacy while maintaining and preserving community intimacy, social interaction and hospitality. This study is expected to be an eye-opener on the visual privacy regulated by occupants in Negeri Sembilan TMH.

With modernization, historical structures are threatened by extinction. Preservation efforts are made, but eventually, maintaining the drawing’s physical form is no longer manageable. Hence, digital archiving is the best solution to preserve data. The research approach is a design-based study that aims at data collection and analysis of website development while reviewing many aspects of digital archiving in architectural heritage. The methods involved data compilation, sustainable digital archive development, and the arrangement of data digitally. Documentation of heritage digital archive model development is made to ensure the data of building a sustainable archive is available for future reference.

Naskah ini membincangkan kaedah penerapan identiti senibina yang telah dilakukan ke atas bangunan tinggi di Seoul, Korea Selatan. Telah menjadi kelaziman pendekatan perancangan bandar moden dan rekabentuk bangunan Gaya Antarabangsa kini telah melunturkan peranan alam bina sebagai penggambaran tampak identiti setempat sesebuah bandar. Hal ini mengakibatkan terhasilnya bandar-bandar moden di seluruh dunia yang kelihatan seragam dan kurang penerapan identiti setempat terutamanya ke atas binaan bangunan-bangunan baru. Kajian kes secara pemerhatian dilakukan ke atas dua buah bangunan tinggi di Seoul, Korea Selatan untuk mengkaji kaedah penerapan identiti senibina ke atas bangunan tinggi tersebut. Dari hasil kajian, didapati bahawa terdapat beberapa kaedah penerapan identiti senibina ke atas reka bentuk bangunan tinggi moden yang telah diamalkan yang boleh dijadikan panduan untuk tugas rekabentuk bangunan tinggi selanjutnya.

Due to a lack of secure identity following the new developments in a Muslim Royal Town of high-tech modernization in the twentieth century, the craft maker created any motif with an unknown purpose. As a result, the original character of the location will be tarnished, and the image will vanish. This paper aims to identify the qualitative responses of the plant elements reinforcing the Muslim Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar, conducted semi-structured interview participants based on purposive sampling, including professionals, policymakers, and skilled practitioner's categories. The data was analyzed through qualitative coding using Atlas ti 8.0. The significant findings reveal that the flower, the color related to the flag, leaf, and types of plant, tendril/ meandering cloud, the shape of the plant, and an element of the plant on a Perak Coat of Arm reflected the royal Muslim town. This finding contributes to assessing the details of the plants' motif representation to assist the city council in preserving the unique and valuable historical heritage for the place image of the Muslim Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar, Perak.

Keunikan reka bentuk rumah tradisional Negeri Sembilan melambangkan masyarakat adat perpatih atau sistem kekerabatan matrilineal yang diamalkan oleh masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan. Selain itu, reka bentuk bumbung panjang yang lentik dengan kedua-dua hujung bumbungnya naik ke atas sedikit telah menjadi identiti seni bina di Negeri Sembilan yang tersendiri. Adat perpatih dan faktor kedaerahan telah mempengaruhi reka bentuk rumah tradisional ini. Namun keaslian konsep dan falsafah reka bentuk seni bina rumah ini sering dikatakan menyamai reka bentuk rumah adat di Minangkabau. Oleh itu, penyelidikan dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perbezaan dan menganalisis beberapa rumah yang terdapat di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia dan Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Kajian ini akan melihat kepada evolusi reka bentuk rumah tradisional Negeri Sembilan yang berasal dari Minangkabau. Lokasi kajian melibatkan beberapa buah kampung iaitu rumah-rumah tradisional di Padang, Bukit Tinggi, Kampar Kiri, di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia dan Rembau, Kuala Pilah, Tampin di Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

Wood carving is a common trait seen in a Malay traditional house. Different types of wood carvings can be found in a Malay house based on the owners' status, wealth, culture, and religion. After Islam was introduced to Malaysia and became the main principle and guide for the people, they began to adopt Islamic values in their daily lives, including the illustration of the wood carvings. These beautiful wood-carving motifs were designed as a symbol of obedience toward a higher power. Unfortunately, over time wood carving has been neglected and is no longer a popular trend, leading to abandonment and ruins. Without proper acknowledgement, total loss of heritage and identity may happen. Hence, by employing qualitative methods such as literature review and observational study on selected heritage houses, the researchers managed to identify the typology of wood carvings in Malay traditional houses. The findings showed a wide variety of wood carvings based on the different placements in the traditional house. The motifs used during those times were floral, geometric, and calligraphy. Understanding the motifs would be a good start before introducing them to the public and educating them on the importance of conserving these motifs for future generations.

Wood carving is a common trait seen in a Malay traditional house. Different types of wood carvings can be found in a Malay house based on the owners' status, wealth, culture, and religion. After Islam was introduced to Malaysia and became the main principle and guide for the people, they began to adopt Islamic values in their daily lives, including the illustration of the wood carvings. These beautiful wood-carving motifs were designed as a symbol of obedience toward a higher power. Unfortunately, over time wood carving has been neglected and is no longer a popular trend, leading to abandonment and ruins. Without proper acknowledgement, total loss of heritage and identity may happen. Hence, by employing qualitative methods such as literature review and observational study on selected heritage houses, the researchers managed to identify the typology of wood carvings in Malay traditional houses. The findings showed a wide variety of wood carvings based on the different placements in the traditional house. The motifs used during those times were floral, geometric, and calligraphy. Understanding the motifs would be a good start before introducing them to the public and educating them on the importance of conserving these motifs for future generations.

The prevalence of obesity among Malaysian secondary school students is increasing gradually. NHMS 2019 reveals that 29.8% children of the age five to 17 years have excess body weight. Prolonged energy imbalancewhich is caused by high calorie diet consumption and physical inactiveness, could lead to excess body weight. Despite several measuresand initiatives,the prevalence of obesity among Malaysian secondary students is hiking up, presumably due to some reasons. Hence, this qualitative study is carried out to investigate the factors contributing toobesity among Malaysian secondary students. A semi-structured interview was conducted incorporating the students, parents, teachers and health officials, after obtaining a written consent. The study shows factors such as environment, existing health condition, dietary pattern and sedentary lifestyle could contribute to obesity.