The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness and readiness of UKM health science programs students on education 4.0. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving a convenient sample of 265 health science programs students in UKM. A google form questionnaire was constructed including the demographic profiles of the subjects and 10 closed ended questions to assess the awareness and readiness of education 4.0 respectively. Ethics approval was obtained from UKM Research Ethics Committee. The sample comprised of 68.3% females and 31.7% males with an age group ranging from 18-24 years old. Majority were Malay and Chinese students of 45.7% each. Faculty of Health Science has the largest sample size with 52.1%, followed by Faculty of Pharmacy (28.3%) and about 19.6% from the Faculty of Dentistry. Data analysis revealed over 75% of the subjects were aware while more than 65% were ready for education 4.0. Almost two thirds of the students were aware and ready for education 4.0.

The aim of this study was to assess the fluoride awareness of students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur Campus, to assess the exposure of fluoride among students and to compare the level of knowledge on fluoride among dental student according to year of study. This research is a cross-sectional survey study using a questionnaire. The questionnaires were divided into three sections. Demographic profile of the respondent such as age, sex, faculty etc was in the first section. Second section was about the general knowledge and awareness on fluoride. Exposure to fluoride as a method to prevent dental caries was in the third section. Convenience sampling was done to all students from Faculty of Dentistry, Pharmacy and Health Science who attended the sampling session. Non-dental students had a low level of awareness towards fluoride. The exposure to fluoride was adequate in almost all students. Level of fluoride knowledge was directly proportional to year of study among dental students in Faculty of Dentistry UKM.

The aim of this study is to compare the information retention in three different methods of oral hygiene instruction (OHI) delivery. A cross-sectional study was undertaken with a total of 30 participants (7 males and 23 females). They were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) which were the verbal, written and audio visual (AV) methods. All groups received similar content of information in their preferred languages (Malay or English). After 5 minutes, subjects were asked to answer a pre-tested questionnaire to assess their information retention. The questionnaire comprised of three parts (demographic details, usage of oral health product and retention of information). The answers from all groups were compared. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Most of the subjects were able to answer the questions given correctly (verbal=92, written=97, AV=95). Comparison for each method of oral hygiene instruction given shows no significant differences on recall of information between all groups. There is no difference in retention of information between the verbal, written and audiovisual methods of oral hygiene instruction in orthodontic patients.

This review paper aims to present the evolution in methods of delivering oral hygiene information to orthodontic patients. Orthodontic fixed appliance treatment confers numerous benefits to patients in terms of occlusion, function and aesthetics, but it is associated with unwanted consequences due to challenges in maintaining oral hygiene. The ways of delivering oral hygiene information to patients have progressed over the years. Recent years have seen an increase in the popularity of incorporating technology in delivering oral hygiene information and monitoring of oral hygiene practices. The use of video-based instructions to web-based platforms such as Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and social media platforms such as YouTube, Instagram and TikTok have all become a mode of oral hygiene information conveyance. Mobile apps are now a popular means to keep track of oral care practices such as toothbrushing frequency. The active ingredients of oral care products have improved providing a greater anticariogenic and antiplaque effect to the user as have the design of toothbrushes and even dental floss. In the future, more advanced technology may be used, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, to create intelligent machines that can help educate patients on oral health maintenance and improvement.