Aging is a good indicator in demographic and health areas as the lifespanof the elderly population increases. Based on the government’s Economic Outlook 2019,it was found that an aging population would increase the government pension paymentsas the pensioners and their beneficiaries have longer life expectancy. Due to mortalityrates decreasing over time, the life expectancy tends to increase in the future. Theaims of this study are to forecast the mortality rates in the years 2020 and 2025 usingthe Heligman-Pollard model and then analyse the effect of mortality improvement onthe pension cost (annuity factor) for the Malaysian population. However, this studyonly focuses on estimating the annuity factor using life annuities through the forecastedmortality rates. The findings indicated that the pension cost is expected to increase ifthe life expectancy of the Malaysian population increases due to the aging population inthe near future. Thus, to reduce pension costs and help the pensioners from insufficientfinancial income, the government needs to consider an extension of the retirement age infuture. Keywords : Aging; mortality improvement; pension cost; Heligman-Pollard model; lifeannuities

For the past decade, Wi-Fi signal fingerprinting algorithm has been considered as a prevalent solution for indoor positioning systems. Fingerprinting based methods require a massive database of Wi-Fi signal samples to calibrate the indoor positioning system and to achieve a high location accuracy. Traditionally the calibration procedure requires human intervention and is very time-consuming, which makes a large-scale deployments of indoor positioning systems non-trivial. Objective of this research to minimise the manual workload by combining the conventional sampling algorithm with signal prediction. In contrast to traditional algorithms, proposed method requires only few signal samples to be collected and rest of the data are approximated using Discrete Fourier Transforms. The main objective of our research is to reduce the calibration effort while maintaining an acceptable location accuracy of the indoor positioning systems.

In Malaysia, the digital economic revolution is seen as significant especially when the country is hit by the Covid-19 disaster. Various products, especially food, are ordered through digital systems. This is due to the movement control order (MCO) imposed by the government which limits the travel of the people. Indirectly, this also causes an increase in data in the virtual world as a result of ordering goods earlier. What is worrying is that this scenario could attract data rogue or cybercrime, especially data breaches. Worried about being too passionate about filling out personal data on a website, not realizing that it is a fake website. Thus, the users or customers were exposed to his or her data to an authorized party. This certainly threatens consumers when their personal information can be misused for personal or criminal purposes. Thus, this paper will discuss the importance of implication issues and challenges in the data breach.