This article examines the influences of initial position on negotiation approach in solving environmental cases in Malaysia. Negotiation is referred as a tool of solving conflict which is due to different of interest or needs between individuals and groups. Since conflict may be complicated at times, a great number of studies make emphases mainly approaches of negotiation, medium of communication and nature of conflicts and specifically influences on the negotiation approach in solving environmental cases in Malaysia. What is the level of initial position possessed by environmental control officers? What is the type of negotiation approaches employed? Is there any relationship between initial position and negotiation approach used in solving the environmental conflict? The analysis wishes to identify which level of initial position that promotes the negotiation approach in solving environmental cases in Malaysia. A quantitative approaches employed using a survey which adopts a set of questionnaire and responses of 186 respondents are analyzed (when is done?). The analysis includes descriptive, Pearson correlation and Chi-Square test. There is a negative significant correlation between the initial position and the approach of negotiation with a weak correlation. It indicates a reverse influence by which the lower level of initial positive, the more tendencies that the integrative approach of negotiation is employed. The initial position determines how the negotiation is managed which leads to the outcome of negotiation either win-win, win lose or lose-lose. An extensive study may revisit the context of study and the elements of negotiation that determines the success of one negotiation.

Since 1985, Malaysia has become a popular tourist destination and experienced consistent annual growth in foreign tourist. In parallel with the growth of Islamic tourism destinations, this study views Pondok Warga Emas (senior homes) (PWE) as a business opportunity for Islamic tourism in Malaysia. PWE has been increasing in number and demand, which leads to the question: to what extent can PWE become an Islamic tourism destination in Malaysia? What are the potential needs and readiness level of PWE? This study thus identifies the needs and assesses the readiness of PWE as an Islamic tourism destination in Malaysia. A qualitative approach is employed and data are obtained through in-depth interviews with the management of PWE and travel agencies that are randomly chosen from Selangor, Kelantan, Kedah, Johor and Perak. The collected information is analyzed using content and framing analysis. The needs are found to be emphasized on shariah compliance, tour packages and Islamic tourism itself, while the readiness refers to the content, fees, authority/monitoring and use of social media for marketing purposes. A further examination is suggested to include foreign tourists and publics on the potential marketability of PWE as an Islamic tourism destination in Malaysia.

Malaysia is recognized as the Halal Hub in the region of Asia and a leader in the world’s Halal industry. As a progressive Muslim country with consistent economic development and growth rate as well as political and social stability. As announced by Malaysian Minister of International trade and Industry in 2017, one of the pertinent issues that must be addressed by the country if it wishes to achieve global halal hub status by 2020 is sustainability. In order to achieve the sustainability, the study wishes, 1) to identify the negotiation parameters of interest among halal talents in Malaysia; and 2) to identify the negotiation parameter of needs among halal talents in Malaysia. A qualitative approach is employed through a depth interview with five halal experts representing industries, authority, academicians and non-governmental organization (NGO). The findings reveal an emphasis on the parameter of needs have been negotiated more than the interests in halal sustainability framework for halal talents in Malaysia. It is suggested that the halal industries should give priorities to the needs of halal talents in terms of wages, promotion and trainings respectively. Keywords: Negotiation, Interests, Needs, Halal, Talents, Sustainability