Background The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the available evidence about the adher‑ ence of Candida Albicans to the digitally-fabricated acrylic resins (both milled and 3D-printed) compared to the con‑ ventional heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Methods This study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metaanalyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search of online databases/search tools (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar) was conducted for all relevant studies published up until May 29, 2023. Only in-vitro studies comparing the adherence of Candida albicans to the digital and conventional acrylic resins were included. The quanti‑ tative analyses were performed using RevMan v5.3 software. Results Fourteen studies were included, 11 of which were meta-analyzed based on Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and Optical Density (OD) outcome measures. The pooled data revealed signifcantly lower candida coloniza‑ tion on the milled digitally-fabricated compared to the heat-polymerized conventionally-fabricated acrylic resin materials (MD=−0.36; 95%CI=−0.69, −0.03; P=0.03 and MD=−0.04; 95%CI=−0.06, −0.01; P=0.0008; as meas‑ ured by CFU and OD respectively). However, no diferences were found in the adhesion of Candida albicans between the 3D-printed digitally-fabricated compared to the heat-polymerized conventionally-fabricated acrylic resin materials (CFU: P=0.11, and OD: P=0.20). Conclusion The available evidence suggests that candida is less likely to adhere to the milled digitally-fabricated acrylic resins compared to the conventional ones

Introduction: Edentulism may compromise the quality of life (QoL) of a patient. Geriatric patients who are satisfied with their complete dentures are usually satisfied with their daily life. This research was conducted to assess quality of life using Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) focusing on functional limitation, oro-facial pain, psychological impact and behavioural impact among edentulous patient attending USIM Polyclinic. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two geriatric edentulous patient to be treated by third year students in polyclinic USIM were recruited. Patient completed the Malay version of GOHAI questionnaire. Result: The data showed there were 62.5% male and 37.5% female. The mean age was 63.88 ± 5.621 year. 87.5% of the samples are wearing complete denture and 56.3% of them have been wearing denture for the past five years. The lowest mean score was 1.66 ( ± 1.6) for trouble in biting and chewing. The highest mean for GOHAI was in medication used to relieve pain with the mean score of 4.56 ( ± 0.8). Conclusion: The QoL of geriatric patient was mostly affected by the oral function. However the least affected was seen in pain and discomfort. Despite wearing complete denture, denture replacement is essential to improve QoL.

he curriculum of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery in Faculty of Dentistry, USIM is based on the integration of naqli (revealed) and aqli (acquired) knowledge. It aspires its graduates to exhibit the values of balanced professionals in providing community oral health care by being technically competent, socially responsible, spiritually enlighted and professionally accountable. Their clinical supervisors are in an enviable position to assess them from these perspectives. The aim of this paper was to determine the supervisors’ perception on the performance of the graduates from the Faculty of Dentistry, USIM who were under their charge. It was a qualitative study on the performance of 100 graduates from the first three batches. A total of 21 supervisors spread across the country responded to an open-ended questionnaire on the qualities of USIM graduates under their supervision. They may supervise more than one graduate. The perceptions of the supervisors were categorised into three major themes. They felt that the graduates were socially responsible in performing their functions with competence in the community oral health services They were seen to have good personal and leadership qualities. Their supervisors also perceived them to require further exposure, guidance and training as they were new to the service. The results indicated that the Bachelor of Dental Surgery programme at USIM was able to instill the values of a balanced professional in dentistry among its graduates but these values need to be further enhanced in providing care in the community. These findings can provide the principles in curriculum development to enhanced the qualities of the graduates in the context of balanced professional.

Background: Definitive working impression of a complete denture requires proper border molding as part of impression techniques to capture the essential details of anatomical landmarks and the functional sulcus. In the era of digital dentistry, the digital impression using optical scanners may be an alternative to conventional techniques. Objective: This paper discusses the differences between conventional methods and digital impression in a complete denture covering its procedures, importance and relevance of border molding in both methods for a good working impression. Methods: The study reviewed papers from 2000 to 2022 in Medline and PubMed on border molding and complete denture working impression. Both methods were revised and contrasted to discuss the relevance and advantages of both approaches. Results: It is still controversial to conclude that digital impression is superior to the conventional method. Both methods have the strength to improve the quality of the impression taking procedure and complete denture quality of retention and stability. Digital impression gives more comfort and less post insertion adjustment. The conventional method still has good clinical outcomes in terms of retention and stability. Border molding should not be disregarded as part of the working impression procedure. Conclusion: The paper concludes that border molding and the conventional working impression technique are still relevant due to their comparable outcome compared to digital impression, as less cost and high skills are involved.

Copy denture technique is a classic technique for construction of a new denture, based on the existing denture using a replica. This technique helps elderly population in terms of adaptation to a new denture. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of copy denture technique among dentists and dental technologists in Malaysia. Two sets of a pre-tested questionnaire was distributed to participants who attended copy denture workshop. The participants were instructed to answer the questionnaires before and after the seminar. A total of 97 responses were collected and only 77 (79.4%) have given a valid feedbacks. The results showed that eventhough 54.5% (n=42) participants had more than 5 years of clinical experiences, 42.9% (n=33) claimed to have limited knowledge in this technique prior to the seminar and 55.9% (n=43) presented with positive attitude towards copy denture. Majority of the participants (74.1%) were uncertain and did not have the skills to perform the copy denture technique. However, following workshop, their attitude towards copy denture increased (+15.6%) and the mean score value was statistically significance (p < 0.005). In conclusion, awareness and practice on copy denture technique should be encouraged to ensure patient’s benefits when replacement denture are required.

Introduction: Copy denture procedure was introduced in 1962 for the construction of spare denture. However, throughout the years, the procedure has undergone developments in terms of the techniques and materials used for the construction of the replica denture. One of the most popular methods to construct the replica is by using soap box. A group of researchers from USIM have invented Denture Box and the product has been registered with Malaysian Industrial design (MY-16-00546-0101). Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the satisfaction of the Denture Box among dentists and dental technologists. Materials and Methods: Participants who attended the Copy Denture Workshop organized by USIM on 13th April 2017 were asked to make a replica denture from soap-box and Denture Box. A pre-tested questionnaire use 5-point Likert scale was distributed to get their feedback regarding Denture Box after the workshop. Results: Based on their experience during the workshop, all participants (n=41) were satisfied and agreed that the box was 100% practical to use with mean score 4.40±0.49. 92.7% of the participants agreed that the invention can reduce the total cost of denture construction (mean score 4.24±0.57) and 85.5% agreed that Denture Box can save time for denture construction (mean score 4.24±0.71). Interestingly, 87.8% of the participants were excited to use the product in future (mean 4.31±0.67). Conclusion(s): Overall satisfaction from using Denture Box was good. Therefore, Denture Box is ready to be commercialised after some design improvement by taking into consideration a few suggestions made by the participants.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiome shift of denture biofilm formation, the incidence of Candida and changes of salivary inflammatory markers following insertion of 3-dimensional printed PMMA denture. Methods This was a pilot study of 6 patients provided with 3D printed (test group) or conventionally heat-cured (control group) removable partial acrylic dentures followed up for 6 weeks. 3 denture swabs were collected at week 1, 3 and 6; and saliva samples were collected at baseline, week 1, 3 and 6 following denture insertion. Microbial DNA was isolated, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced to assess the denture microbiota. The presence of Candida was determined using PCR assay. The levels of salivary biomarkers lactoferrin (LTF) and histatin (HTN) were determined using ELISA. Results Denture microbiome of both groups exhibited similar microbial compositions at weeks 1, 3 and 6. However, the percentage of Streptococcus in the test group was significantly lower at week 1 (p<0.05). Greater bacterial diversity was detected in the test group (p<0.05; pairwise Wilcoxon) after 6 weeks. The presence of Candida was only detected in one sample of the 3D printed denture (test group) after 6 weeks. The level of LTF biomarkers increased in both groups after 6 weeks, however, the level of HTN increased only in the control group. Conclusions Denture microbiome of both groups demonstrated similar microbial compositions. After 6 weeks, 3D printed denture demonstrated higher diversity with delayed microbiome shift compared to conventional heat cure dentures. 3D printed denture may be a viable alternative to conventional denture and it has a potential to delay microbial dysbiosis. Clinical Relevance Among wearers, 3D printed denture can potentially reduce the risk of denture stomatitis. A greater diversity may delay or slow the transition of denture microbiome to dysbiosis.

Salvadora Persica (miswak stick) has been widely used as an aid for oral hygiene in dentate patient. Due to the fact that there is no side effect of using miswak stick as cleaning aids on teeth but it has been never introduced to edentulous patient as an oral aid for denture and oral care, this study introduced a new approach in edentulous patient the role of miswak stick. This approach may prevent the incidence of denture stomatitis in complete denture wearer. Study aimed to share the clinical finding of two (2) patients aged 35 and 65-years-old who were wearing denture and affected by denture stomatitis. Both patients were introduced with the miswak stick as an oral hygiene tools on the edentulous mucosa. After 12 weeks, postoperative assessment (clinical and photographic) were evaluated and analyzed by comparing the mapping of denture stomatitis inflammation surface area using ImageJ FIJI software and the inflammation clinical presentation. The results showed the inflammation surface area has reduced by 22.74% to 49.59%, respectively. Within the limitation of the study, the use of the miswak stick helps the reduction of the inflammation caused by denture stomatitis. Therefore, miswak stick can be introduced as one of oral hygiene aid for edentulous arch. Keywords: Salvadora Persica, miswak, denture stomatitis, denture, oral hygiene

Islam does not make any distinction between religiousity and secular matters. Muslims as servants and vicegerents of Allah are responsible for continually reaffirming their faith in all their activities. This includes teaching-learning as a principal role of a teacher and it encompasses classroom, laboratory, clinic and community engagement activities. The objective of this paper is to explore the application of the principles of faith in teaching-learning activities in a curriculum that integrates naqli and aqli knowledge. It adopts the qualitative research method involving a review of literature that is related to teaching methodology as well as studying the verses of the Quran and the parables of the hadith on faith. In general, teaching-learning sessionsconsist of three parts, namely the opening, the engagement with students and the closure. In internalising the principle of faith, teachers must start an activity by professing that Allah is the Most Beneficent and the Most Merciful followed by greeting the students. Subsequently, they need to perform supplication in seeking guidance from Allah so that they can perform their tasks with excellence. When engaging with students, praises such as Alhamdulillah, Subhanallah and Maa sya Allah, as well as Astaghfirullah are reinforcements that can enhance repetition of a behaviour. The closure of a teaching-learning session must reinforce the belief in the superiority of Allah that only He knows best. This approach exemplifies the testimony of faith that Allah is one and continually strengthened in all our endeavours including teaching-learning. The concepts derived from this principle will be disseminated to all lecturers in this Faculty for implementation.

Introduction: Copy denture technique is a classic technique for construction of a new denture based on the favourable aspects of the original denture using a replica. This technique helps in adaptation of new denture in elderly population. The aim of this paper was to assess the knowledge and practice of copy denture technique among dentists and dental technologists. Materials and Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was sent to all participants who attended the Copy Denture Workshop organized by USIM on 13th April 2017. Two sets of the same questionnaire were distributed to the participant before and after the seminar. Results: Out of 100 participants, only 77% (n=77) have given valid feedbacks. The results showed, even though 54.5% (n=42) participants had more than 5 years of clinical experience, 42.9% (n=33) of the participants have poor knowledge in this technique before the seminar begin. However 55.9% presented with positive attitude towards copy denture. Most of the participants did not know about copy denture technique (43.1%) and the advantages of the technique (32.9%). 74.1% (n=57) participants were uncertain to perform the technique and did not have the skills to perform the copy denture technique. However, after attending the workshop, their attitude towards copy denture increased (+15.6%) and the mean score value was statistically significance with p-value 0.049. Conclusion(s): Awareness and workshop on copy denture technique should be encouraged to improve knowledge and practice, so that the patient who requested for replacement denture will benefit from this technique.

Miswak (Salvadora Persica) has been used widely as oral aid since Babylonians era. Many methods have been introduced to improve the patient's denture hygiene but few researches on methods for cleaning edentulous area and denture to treat denture induced stomatitis. This study assessed the use of miswak stick to reduce denture induce stomatitis inflammation. A qualitative interview and questionnaires was conducted to assess the experience of miswak stick used 15 patients suffered from denture induced stomatitis. In addition, the inflammation areas were assessed using clinical photograph for the assessment of inflammation degree and denture stomatitis classification changes and compared with control group (using toothbrush). Four weeks’ result showed, no ulceration seen on the mucosa and edentulous arch. There was more than 50% (Mean=55.6%, SD±24.6%) reduction of inflammation surface area and redness. Patient with class 1 and 2 Newton's classification showed significant inflammation reduction more than 50% with 36.4% (Mean=20%, SD±9.9%) and 18.2% (Mean=20%, SD±9.9%). Patient also presented changes of the Newton's classification (n=26.7%). There is no significant different between using miswak vs conventional technique using toothbrush (p<0.05). Patients gave positive feedbacks of miswak on edentulous area as denture cleaning aid. In conclusion, miswak stick can be recommended as alternative oral care aid for edentulous patients and denture care. © 2020. All rights reserved.

Patient-centred care dentistry offers positive treatment outcome by unique combination of dental practitioners and their patients to improve quality of care and overall health outcomes. As Muslim dental practitioners, they must adhere with the Islamic principles and values in treating their patients with the Maqasid Shari’ah that blended in patient centred care approach. The concept of Maqasid Shari’ah is the purpose and objective of Shari’ah that formulated in the protection of religion, soul, mind, heredity and property. Apart from that, Qawaid Fiqhiyah is the methods that used in solving dental fiqh issues nowadays and that legal maxims is endorsed by the Muslim scholars or authorities. Finally, the dental treatment goal is to increase patients’ quality of life as a servant of Allah and khalifah in the Earth.

Introduction: Salvadora percisa (popularly known as miswak) has been widely used as an aid for oral hygiene in dentate patient. There is no side effect of using miswak stick. A new approach introduced the role of miswak stick in edentulous patient. It may prevent the incidence of denture stomatitis among denture wearer. This study assessed the effectiveness of the miswak stick as an oral aid in edentulous patients as an alternative treatment for denture stomatitis. Materials and Methods: A clinical case control study included patients affected by denture stomatitis. The Miswak stick was introduced to the subjects to use as the oral device to clean the denture and oral mucosal area everyday. Pre- and postoperative assessment (clinical and photographic) were evaluated within 8 to 12 weeks and analysed by comparing the mapping of denture stomatitis inflammation. Results: A total of 11 subjects with denture stomatitis comprised as type 1; n=5 (46%), type 2; n=4 (36%) and type 3; n=2 (18%). 54.5% of subjects showed more than 50% reduction in the mapping of denture stomatitis inflammation (p<0.05) after the use of miswak stick. This study also showed that the use of miswak stick for more than 3 weeks to Type I and II denture stomatitis (54.6%) has successfully reduce the inflammation for more than 50%. 54.5% of the subjects with good denture hygiene has 50% more reduction of denture stomatitis. Conclusion(s): The miswak stick was significantly effective to reduce the denture stomatitis with a regular use and maintenance of good denture hygiene.