Waqf and social-based healthcare institutions have existed for more than 150 years and were derived from the social economy concept, which emphasises social innovation in the economy. While Muslims are well-known for developing waqf, other religions, particularly Christianity, used philanthropic methods to create a diverse range of institutions that benefit the community. However, the three distinctive features prescribed by the Shariah law to prevent waqf assets from being sold or transferred to other parties have distinguished waqf from other institutions. The abundance of challenges in the economic and health sectors has threatened the sustainability of waqf and other social-based healthcare. Thus, this research aims to explore the philosophies underlying the establishment of each waqf and social-based healthcare institution through a qualitative methodology involving an in-depth investigation. Six of the fifteen identified waqf and social-based healthcare institutions participated in the interviews, and the transcripts were then analysed inductively using the NVivo software. Each code and theme produced is based on the conceptual framework that has been formed. The themes were compared to observe the similarities and differences in terms of the institutions’ background and philosophy of the establishment. The findings of this research reveal that despite the crucial roles of waqf healthcare institutions, the fact remains that they are still far behind in fulfilling the healthcare needs of the Muslim community. Meanwhile, the analysis of the institutions’ background philosophy revealed that the establishment of waqf and social-based healthcare is motivated by religion.

Waqf and social-based healthcare institutions have existed for more than 150 years and were derived from the social economy concept, which emphasises social innovation in the economy. While Muslims are well-known for developing waqf, other religions, particularly Christianity, used philanthropic methods to create a diverse range of institutions that benefit the community. However, the three distinctive features prescribed by the Shariah law to prevent waqf assets from being sold or transferred to other parties have distinguished waqf from other institutions. The abundance of challenges in the economic and health sectors has threatened the sustainability of waqf and other social-based healthcare. Thus, this research aims to explore the philosophies underlying the establishment of each waqf and social-based healthcare institution through a qualitative methodology involving an in-depth investigation. Six of the fifteen identified waqf and social-based healthcare institutions participated in the interviews, and the transcripts were then analysed inductively using the NVivo software. Each code and theme produced is based on the conceptual framework that has been formed. The themes were compared to observe the similarities and differences in terms of the institutions’ background and philosophy of the establishment. The findings of this research reveal that despite the crucial roles of waqf healthcare institutions, the fact remains that they are still far behind in fulfilling the healthcare needs of the Muslim community. Meanwhile, the analysis of the institutions’ background philosophy revealed that the establishment of waqf and social-based healthcare is motivated by religion.

Waqf movement in Malaysia has a long history since the colonization era with plenty of innovations being practiced by waqf managers. The literatures have highlighted on the performance of waqf as a social finance instrument with transformational impacts to the economic wellbeing of the beneficiaries. There is a considerable gap between the cyclic impact on the transformation of waqf beneficiaries into donors that needs to be highlighted. The main aim of the study is to conceptualize and validate the beneficiaries-donors model which evolved from the perspective of mutual assistance (ta’awun) prosumers, consumerchant, and volunteer. The study adopts a three-phase qualitative approach. The proposed model on Benefidonors is the result of the first stage, which involved content analysis of literature data. Data was also obtained via Focus Group Discussions (FGD) in the second step of creating and confirming the model. Three different groups of participants, namely donors, beneficiaries, and mutawalli, participated in three different sessions of FGD using MS Teams. The third stage is model validation where the participants have validated the model through a few series of FGD. The participants were given a conceptual model to see whether the new term introduced, "Benefidonors," could be accepted or require further refinement. The new term coined, Benefidonors concept, suggests for a transformational cyclic impact of the major players in the waqf activism. The major output of this paper is the validated term “Benefidonors” which is a hybrid word, derived from the word, “Beneficiaries” and “Donors”. The “Benefidonors” promotes towards “share more”, “use more” and “donate more” for waqf ecosystem using the concept of mutual assistance (ta’awun) prosumers, consumerchant and volunteer. The finding of this research shows that the new term "Benefidonors," even though it is still emerging and requiring efforts for exposure and branding, is inherently practiced, being aware of and known in the community, but it needs a systematic design and strategic arrangement for further expansion.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka pelaksanaan al-Tawriq yang telah dilaksanakan di Malaysia. Penyelidikan ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang melibatkan sesi temubual dengan wakil dari Majlis Agama Islam Pulau Pinang (MAINPP) mengenai pelaksanaan al Tawriq di negeri tersebut. Hasil temubual mendapati bahawa MAINPP telah melaksanakan kaedah al-Tawriq di salah satu projek perumahan mereka yang merupakan projek pembangunan perumahan kos rendah di Butterworth, Pulau Pinang. Amalan al-Tawriq bagi pelaksanaan projek tersebut adalah selari dengan model yang dicadangkan iaitu dengan menjual aset wakaf yang telah dibangunkan menjadi perumahan kos rendah untuk menghasilkan tunai bagi membangunkan projek wakaf yang lain. Keberkesanan penyelidikan ini terletak kepada konsep al-Tawriq sebagai penyelesaian alternatif kepada pembangunan aset-aset wakaf di Malaysia yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualiti aset wakaf dengan mewujudkan kecairan tunai sebagai sumber dana baharu kepada perbelanjaan penyelenggaraan ataupun pembangunan wakaf. Model al - Tawriq ini didapati mempunyai keupayaan sebagai dimensi dan inovasi baru ke atas amalan wakaf memastikan aset wakaf menjadi lebih produktif, dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penerima manfaat, dan jariah pahalanya boleh berjalan, berterusan dan memberi impak yang positif kepada sektor ekonomi ketiga (Ekonomi Ijtima'i) dan meningkatkan pembangunan Ummah.

Social innovation is gaining significant recognition in research and policy domains, including within the healthcare sector. Institutions based on trade and business principles have accumulated social capital to pursue social objectives. However, the sustainability of these social-based healthcare institutions remains uncertain. Regulatory insights are essential for the development and maintenance of these institutions in the future. This qualitative study aims to explore and understand the perspective of the Division of Medical Practice and Private Services (CKAPS) on the establishment and sustainability of social-based healthcare institutions. Consequently, primary data were collected through interviews with officers at the CKPAS, while secondary data were obtained from documentary analysis of Act 586 and related documents. The transcripts were analyzed inductively using NVivo software, with codes and themes developed based on a preestablished conceptual framework. The findings reveal no definitional distinction between social-based and profit-based private healthcare providers. Both types of institutions are governed by Act 586 and its subsidiary regulations regarding establishment, maintenance, and licensing. Practically, social-based healthcare can be identified through 1) self-declaration, 2) documents such as tax exemption letter from LHDN or the National Audit Department, and 3) information from the public. To ensure sustainability, social-based healthcare institutions must adhere to the principles outlined in Act 586, which emphasize comprehensive planning and robust proposals. Healthcare quality is the top priority and should not be forgotten to reduce the cost of healthcare in an attempt to serve the poor. Thus, these institutions need to be financially, socially, and environmentally sustainable, managed by qualified and experienced leadership teams. The key critical contribution of this study is that it presents new evidence regarding the impacts of government policies towards the establishment and sustainability of social-based healthcare institutions.

Purpose: This article investigates the multifaced issues confronting Malaysia's fintech industry, concentrating on a single case or organisation. The study topic revolved around the challenges faced by Pitchin Sdn Bhd in Malaysian fintech sectors. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses qualitative methods, involving in-depth interviews and a single-case study approach, to analyse the challenges that PitchIN Platforms Sdn Bhd experiences. Findings: The study revealed several challenges for PitchIN Platforms Sdn Bhd, such as societal awareness, trust, education, technological development, marketing, fintech platform provider experience, and rapid system development. The findings show that public awareness and the rapid speed of technological innovation in the financial sector are major barriers to developing and maintaining crowdfunding platforms. Research limitations/implications: This study focused on the challenges faced by a single fintech crowdfunding platform thus generalizability of the findings is limited, as each crowdfunding organisation may face unique challenges. Practical implications: The study's insights are valuable for stakeholders involved in fostering a competitive and sustainable ecosystem for Malaysia's fintech crowdfunding platforms. Policymakers can leverage the findings to enhance present legislation and create an ideal environment, while finance professionals and industry participants can obtain a greater understanding of these challenges, helping them to make informed decisions and manage resources more efficiently. Originality/value: This article extends the existing literature on fintech and crowdfunding challenges in Malaysia and serves as a foundation for future research. The extensive investigation of PitchIN Sdn Bhd's challenges provides useful insights for other crowdfunding platforms, assisting them to better address these issues and promote healthy competition among providers.