Water treatment technology is one of the most important mechanism in our life. It turns unclean water into a clean and safely consumables by us. Over the years, research and invention over water treatment technology have progressed in terms of energy consumption, materials of interest, cost reduction, efficiency, land usage and mechanisms utilizing the concept of science around us. Conventional technology of water treatment can be categorized into physical, chemical, and biological treatments. Physical treatments include screening, filtration, sedimentation, flotation etc. Chemical treatment includes disinfection, precipitation, adsorption, ion-exchange, ozonation etc. Biological treatment involves aerobic and anaerobic biological treatments. However, there are new potential advanced technology being developed to clean our water in better way of many aspects. Among latest water filtration technology in water treatment interesting to discuss are nanotechnology, acoustic nanotube technology, photocatalytic water purification technology, aquaporin InsideTM technology and automatic variable filtration (AVF) technology. In this paper, the application of advanced technology in water treatment is discussed in a brief manner with latest development and challenge reported in the literature. With this review paper, hopefully, it will shed some lights for newcomers that want to learn or to get overview about current development of nanotechnology in water treatment system.