This paper proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the relationship between board of directors' characteristics (Board of directors' independence, board of directors' size, family members at board of directors, board of directors meetings, CEO duality, and existence of nominations and compensation committee) and firms' performance among industrial companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange. Previous studies focused on the importance of board of directors as a main component of corporate governance rule

This study sets out to offer proof of several important questions relating to the quality of information disclosed on goodwill impairment process under the new requirements of FRS 36. This study investigates the compliance level and disclosure quality of FRS 36 by top 20 of Singaporean listed firms in SGX at 2007 based on their market capitalization. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the weighted index is chosen because this index being able to differentiate the quality and importance of each mandatory disclosure under FRS 36. The weighted index was developed by constructing disclosure scoring sheet, obtaining annual reports of 20 sampled Singapore firms for particular year, completing scoring sheet for each firms by assigned weighted for the disclosure items and calculating disclosure weighted index. The weighted index was analyzed to examine the firm’s compliance with the FRS 36 disclosure requirements. The results of this study revealed that 18 out of 20 (90%) firms in Singapore failed to comply with the most basic elements of the FRS 36 pertaining to goodwill impairment testing especially in allocating goodwill into the CGUs and key assumptions used in determining the recoverable amount of CGU assets. Keywords: Impairment Testing, FRS 36, Weighted Index, Singapore.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of political instability in the context of the association between board of directors (BOD) and audit committee (AC) quality as indicators of corporate governance effectiveness and earnings management (EM). The non-financial listed companies on the Palestine Exchange (PEX) between the period from 2011 to 2018 were the samples of the study. Based on the OLS regression results by using a panel data of 232 observations, the findings show that the BOD quality is positively related to EM, while AC quality is negatively associated with EM. The results also reveal that political instability plays a moderating role by weakening the relationship between the AC quality and EM during the severe unstable political situation, while the BOD quality is negatively associated with EM under the same situation. This finding implies that the BODs might substitute ACs under severe political instabilities to protect the stockholders and stakeholders’ interests. Unlike most previous studies, this article addresses political instability as a moderating variable for the relationship between the BOD and AC quality as a composite measure of EM in the most emerging and smallest stock market in the region. The results of this work may assist the regulatory bodies, policymakers, and practitioners in revising the corporate governance code to promote the efficiency of the BOD and AC monitoring functions for the purpose to improve the faithfulness and reliability of financial reports and also to deter the management from engaging in critical levels of EM.