The aim of this paper is to discuss on the effectiveness of career counseling model toward the level of career maturity and locus of control among the inmates. A Career Therapy Model is carried out, and the results are measured by using Career Maturity Inventory or CMI and ACREDA-Drug-Related-Locus of Control or ACREDA-DRLOC. The results of the CMI test showed that there is a significant increase in the maturity of career planning among those who have undergone the career model (experimental group) than the control group. Whereas, for Locus of Control, the test results showed that there were minor changes to the locus of control experienced by the experimental group. It was concluded that the intervention of career model has given positive impacts as the respondents’ career planning clarity are enhanced and the sense of internal-oriented control are instilled. Keywords: Career Counselling Model, Career Maturity, Locus of Control, Drug Rehabilitation, Career Planning,Employment

Previous research has found that being unemployed is the most contributing factor towards the relapse rate among the drug addicts. A Career Counseling Model (CCM) was invented to increase the level of career maturity of the trainees in the rehabilitation center. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of CCM towards the Career Maturity among the trainees. Two sample groups involved labeled as Rehabilitation A (experimental group) and Rehabilitation B (control group) with total of 64 trainees. Both groups underwent pre-test and post-test but only rehabilitation A was given CCM intervention consisting 9-sessions module. The instrument of Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) was used to measure the effectiveness of the CCM while in-depth interview was conducted to identify the effectiveness of the model from trainees’ perspectives. CMI result indicated that there is a positive significant different between the pre-test (11.1563) and post-test (15.6250) within the experimental group. This point out that CCM had positive impact towards the trainee’s level of career maturity.

Chronic unemployment is seen to be one of the most contributing factors of relapse among drug addicts in Malaysia. Many interventions had been implemented by the government to helps the client with fully abstinent. However, the number of drug addicts can’t be deemed to be reduced especially for those who are unemployed. Thus, NADA’s Career Counseling Model had been developed to intervened with the unemployment issue among drug addicts to prevent relapse. 25 participants had been involved in this research with the aimed to identify the effectiveness of NADA’s Career Counseling Model through a qualitative approach. 10 sessions had been conducted with directed counseling module which emphasized on the self-concept and career maturity of the former drug addicts. Facilitator's observation, semi-structured written interview, and in-depth interview had been considered as the research finding to determine the effectiveness of the Career Counseling Model in enhancing their self-concept and career maturity.

Bullied victims indeed do feel necessity for helps in elevating their self-efficacy and assertiveness in order for them to be able to develop coping skills in confronting this phenomenal delinquency. This research was group counselling-based with the employment of Cognitive Behavioral Theraphy (CBT) over the 8 bully victim students for 5 intervention sessions (research group). The Peer Aggresion Coping Self Efficacy Scale (PACSES) and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) were untilized to measure the level of self-efficacy and assertiveness respectively among the research group respondents for both pre and post tests. This research revealed that the self- efficacy and assertiveness level among the research group respondents got positively increased after undergoing the sessions. Therefore, this research advocated the employment of CBT for school counsellors to assist bullied victim students for developing their coping skills and self- empowerment in facing the bullying situations.

The fluctuating number of relapse cases among the drug addicts in Malaysia has been creating many worries to all parties. This urges the parties to this problem to restudy its contributing factors, improve current treatments employed and discover the other potential dimensions of human to accommodate the very need of the drug addict clients to stay abstinent. Considering the psychosocial and vocational elements we have had in current practices that seemingly provide a room for improvement, the new dimension of human psychospiritual approach was particularly put forth in this research. The Islamic psychospiritual model centring on Islamic Sufism principles in combination with Interpersonal and Intrapersonal elements was established in this research as the guiding principles to develop an Integrated Psychospiritual Module (IPM) in reducing relapse rate. This module was particularly focusing on the weightage of drug-related locus of control and psychospiritual level of drug addicts to stay abstinent. The effectiveness of the module was measured by imposing it as psycho-educational intervention treatment upon the purposive sampling of 38 clients in a drug rehabilitation center in Malaysia. One group experimental design was suitably formed and t-Test analysis was used to measure the significant difference between the pre and post test mean values to see the effectiveness of the module by using two specific instruments that measure both aformentioned aspects. Both variables showed the significant difference with the post values 25.3684 and 171.3947 respectively. It was notified that the post t-test mean values for both variables were higher than their pre-test scores which were 23.6842 and 165.4211 respectively. In addition, the qualitative data obtained did support the quantitative analysis by using triagulation method signifying the positive feedbacks from respondents through facilitators’ observations, participants’ feedbacks after group activity and in-depth interview with respect to the variables studied. Therefore, the IPM is certainly effective in elevating the level of drug-related locus of control and psychospirituality instrumental to reduce relapse rate among the drug-addicts. Keywords: Integrated Psychospiritual Module, Drug-related Locus of Control and Islamic Psychospirituality.

The significance of spirituality element in one’s life is not to be silenced. The dualistic nature of human be it physical and spiritual seeks for the balance contentment as so one can achieve the tranquility of life and manage to think, feel and act accordingly. The problem of drug abuse that has been happening nowadays is seemed to be plausible to be associated with the lack of spiritual awareness causing them to choose that path. Recognizing the potentiality of spirituality in drug abuse, this paper attempts to explain the instumentation of psychospiritual inventories in drug abuse in light of making it easier for other drug abuse researchers to quantify the level of drug abuser’s spiritual condition. The psychospiritual scale formulated has 6 domains with 39 items altogether by employing 5-Likert Scale. The methodology employed was based on Interpretive Content Analysis with thematic technique to rule out the cardinal principles from the Islamic religious scriptures and literatures. Face validation was adopted and assigned to two experts in Islamic Sufism and drug abuse fields. The reliability of the psychospiritual instrument was cronbach alpha 0.962. Split-half reliability of this scale was divided into two where the first part achieved cronbach alpha 0.943 whereas the second part scored alpha cronbach 0.921. Indeed, this result signifies that this instrument has high reliability values and suitable to be used worldwide.

There are a huge number of drug abusers grappling with recovery process and it reflects that individuals hold a great deal with the difficult circumstances, thus necessitating the vast range of literatures on the study of humans' locus of control academically. However, the instruments for measuring it among the drug inmates are still scarce. Therefore, this study examines the reliability and validity of ACREDA Drug- Related Locus of Control among Malaysians. The scale consists of 19 items where 15 of them were translated from DR-LOC Scale by Elizabeth Hall (2001) into Malay language by two counselling experts by using back translation method and the rest 4 were newly constructed ad hoc covering due to the cultural adaption factor. Its validity was examined by sampling the total of 80 clients from the selected drug rehabilitation centers in Malaysia and the face validity was undergone by 2 counselling experts for scale validation. Its reliability revealed the Cronbach`s alpha, 0.823 indicating a high reliability reading while the split- half reliability showed Cronbach's alpha of 0.774 for part 1 and 0.768 for part 2 making this scale reliable and suitable to be used in Malaysian population.