Browsing by Author "Pathmanathan, SG"
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Publication Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Malaysian Hospital(Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Medical Sciences, 2009) ;Pathmanathan, SG ;Samat, NAMohamed, ROngoing surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance against antimicrobial agents is fundamental to monitor trends in susceptibility patterns and to appropriately guide clinicians in choosing empirical or directed therapy. The in vitro activity level of eight antimicrobial drugs was assessed against 97 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected consecutively for three months in 2007 from a Malaysian hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the E-test method in addition to the hospital's routine diagnostic testing by the disk diffusion method. Respiratory and wound swab isolates were the most frequently encountered isolates. The E-test and disk diffusion methods showed high concordance in determining the in vitro activity of the antimicrobial agents against the E isolates. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active antimicrobial agent with 91.8% susceptibility, followed by the aminoglycosides (amikacin, 86.6% and gentamicin, 84.5%), the quinolone (ciprofloxacin, 83.5%) and the beta-lactams (cefepime, 80.4%, ceftazidime, 80.4%, imipenem, 79.4% and meropenem, 77.3%). Incidence of multidrug resistance was 19.6% (19 out of 97 isolates). Periodic antibiotic resistance surveillance is fundamental to monitor changes in susceptibility patterns in a hospital setting. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida species at a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia(J Infection Developing Countries, 2018) ;Mohamed, NA ;Pathmanathan, SG ;Hussin, HZaini, ABIntroduction: Invasive Candida infections cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Information on recent trends in species distribution and antifungal resistance in local settings is essential. Methodology: Yeast isolates identified through standard culture methods throughout 2014 and 2015 from Hospital Ampang, Malaysia were retrospectively studied. The antifungal susceptibility of Candida species was determined using colorimetric broth microdilution method and MIC values interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints. Results: Out of all the 149 yeast cultures collected, most were from blood (55.7%) and respiratory specimens (33.6%). Candida tropicalis was the most common (28.9%), followed by C. albicans (26.2%), C. parapsilosis (15.4%), C. glabrata (14.1%), Crytococcus neoformans (6.7%), Trichosporon asahi (3.4%), C. krusei (2.0%), C. famata, C. rugose, C. guilliermondii, C. dublinensis and Trichosporon spp. (0.7% each). Occurrence of C. tropicalis in candidaemia cases was significantly associated to presence of an underlying haematological disorder, while C. albicans isolates in blood were significantly found in absence of such disorders. The four most common Candida species isolated showed high susceptibility to amphotericin B (100%), anidulafungin (100%), micafungin (100%), caspofungin (98.4%), flucytosine (98.4%) and voriconazole (84.1%). However, drug susceptibility to itraconazole and fluconazole was comparatively lower (57.9% and 72.2%, respectively). C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were the least susceptible to these azoles. Conclusion: Prevalence of the high number of non-albicans Candida species with slight predominance of C. tropicalis over C. albicans was observed. Low susceptibility to itraconazole among C. glabrata and C. tropicalis isolates and to fluconazole among C. glabrata isolates warrants for continued surveillance to monitor emerging antifungal resistance. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of Malaysian Tualang honey(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) ;Mohamad, NS ;Pathmanathan, SG ;Ismail, Z ;Rashid, ZZMohamed, NAFor ages, honey has held a place for their importance in traditional medicine. old folks in this country used honey as a remedy for sore throat. recently, there has been so much interest in research on this natural product. however, the composition and physiochemical properties of honey responsible for antioxidant and antimicrobial effects were variable depending on its floral sources and location. Well-researched honey such as Manuka honey from New Zealand and Australia has been extensively studied and characterized. Unlike Malaysia Tualang Honey, even though it is widely used and consumed in Malaysia, there are limited study reports to support its medical claims. Phenolic acids and flavonoids are two of the most important components responsible for the antioxidant effects in honey. Therefore, in present study, we designed a study to compare the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antibacterial potential of Tualang honey with Manuka honey. TPC and TFC of Tualang honey (88.44mg of GAE/100g of Tualang honey; 29.232mg of rutin/100g of Tualang honey) exhibited higher content compared to Manuka honey (83.12mg GAE/100g of Manuka honey; 16.32mg of rutin/100g of Manuka honey0. As for antibacterial assay, Tualang honey (31.67±0.764) shows better inhibition to Streptococcus pyogenes, compared to Manuka honey (31.50±0.500). These findings exhibited promising potential of Tualang honey to be used as an alternative treatment for Streptococcal pharyngitis. Further in-vivo studies in animal and human should be done to ascertain its effectiveness. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Agreement Between Disk Diffusion and E-Test Methods(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) ;Pathmanathan, SG ;Samat, NAMohamed, RBackground: The intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa towards several antimicrobial agents has contributed to its role as an effective opportunistic pathogen and its emergence as one of the most problematic human pathogens. The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility patterns of eight commonly used antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: A total of 97 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were isolated from various clinical specimens at the Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia between October and December 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the E-test method subsequent to the hospital's routine diagnostic testing by the disk diffusion (DD) method. Results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Total agreement of DD and E-test methods was 99% for susceptibility to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, 98% for susceptibility to amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and meropenem and 97% for susceptibility to cefepime. According to the E-test method, the rates of susceptible isolates were piperacillin/tazobactam 91%, amikacin 87%, gentamicin 85%, ciprofloxacin 84%, ceftazidime and cefepime 80% each, imipenem 79% and meropenem 77%. 24% of the isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents.