Crude Oil Mixture has been a concern research area for many researchers and organization. Because of the importance of oil and its component, in order to separate and measure its components, which considered as black gold for 20th century till now. Non-invasive ultrasonic tomography has been applied to investigate and differentiate the verity of crude oil components have some limitations in terms of the wave penetration through the pipes and reflection of signals. Thus, the approach that has been proposed in this project is by using invasive ultrasonic tomography method to visualize the structure distribution and deliver some information such as mixture concentration and mass of flow components of different materials. Ultrasonic wave propagation with various frequencies of the transmission signal has been implemented in software platform (FEM), to evaluate the design and investigate the result. Therefore, the main consideration in designing of an ultrasonic system is the efficiency of the ultrasonic sensor and the frequency of propagated signals. The contribution in this project is developing a three-phase measurement for a mixture using invasive Ultrasonic technique to improve the accuracy of the system and implement Linear Back Projection Algorithm (LBPA). The conclusion of this paper has shown the capability of ultrasonic transducers of visualizing the internal distribution of multi-phase mixture. � 2018 Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. All rights reserved.

Brain tumour result by abnormal growth and division of cell inside the skull show high potential to become malignancies and lead to brain damage or even death. Early detection is crucial for further treatment to increase the survival rate of patients who have brain cancer. Existing clinical imaging possess limitation as they are costly, time-consuming and some of them depend on ionising radiation. The microwave imaging has emerged as the new preliminary diagnosis method as it is portable, non-ionising, low cost, and able to produce a good spatial resolution. This paper will be discussing the microwave head based sensing and imaging techniques for brain tumour diagnosis. The 2D FEM approach is applied to solve the forward problem, and the image is reconstructed by implementing linear back projection. Eight rectangular sensing electrodes are arranged in an elliptical array around the head phantom. When one electrode is transmitting the microwave, the remaining of the electrode served as the receiver. The different tumour position is simulated to test the reliability of the system. Lastly, the system is able to detect the tumour, and 1 GHz is chosen as the best frequency based on the simulation and image reconstructed. � 2018 Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. All rights reserved.

This study is conducted to investigate inhomogeneous in Electrical Resistance Tomography system using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software. An inhomogeneous system is represented with the concrete-steel medium. Three type of cases which are varies the dimension of steel, varies a number of steel phantom in concrete, and different location of steel in concrete are the subject in this study. Each case uses results from adjacent and opposite current driven method for comparison. As a result, extension in steel dimension could benefit the ERT system to obtain a good measurement. Also, as a number of steel placed in concrete medium increases, the potential difference will drop when compared with homogenous. It is demonstrated that as a phantom is placed close to the source or measuring electrode area, it could show changes in potential difference reading. In conjunction with that, that area indirectly becomes more sensitive and feedback. � 2018 Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. All rights reserved.