Simple experiment measuring diameter of a solid object (coin) using LED and laser diode with Charge Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor was conducted in this early stage study. Mostly, CCD and laser diode system are higher in cost because CCD used in industries equipped with an anti blooming protection system to protect the CCD pixel from receiving too high laser light intensities. Low cost atomic laser (Helium: Neon 10: 1) with simple modification on light propagation is introduced. Combination of fan beam and parallel beam projection helps to reduce light intensities and expand laser light coverage area. Statistical analyses based on dot plot graph, Anderson Darling test and T-test were applied to choose the best transmitter for Charge Coupled Device (CCD) sensor. Based on T-test results with 95% confidence interval, low intensity laser diode for 5 and 10 cent diameter measurement gave P-value greater than 0.05, accepts laser as the best transmitter compared to LED. Single sensor data for LED and laser used for image reconstruction as an additional approach to prove the above result.

Optical tomography is one of the tomography methods which are non-invasive and non-intrusive system, consisting of emitter with detectors. Most of the available detectors systems are intrusive where sensors or probes need to be placed within the analyzed processes and this will create disturbances in the current processes. This research are conducted in order to analyze and proved the capability of laser with Charge Coupled Device in an optical tomography system for detecting air bubbles exist in crystal clear water. Experiments in detecting moving air bubbles are conducted. The images of captured data are reconstructed based on filtered image of Linear Back Projection with Hybrid algorithms. As a conclusion, this research have successfully developed an optical tomography system that capable to capture the image and measure the diameter and velocity of rising air bubbles in a non-flowing crystal clear water. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An application of charge-coupled device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system is presented. The measurements are based on the final light intensity received by the sensor. The aim is to analyse and demonstrate the capability of laser with a CCD in an OPT system for detecting transparent objects in crystal clear water. The image reconstruction algorithms used were filtered images of linear back projection algorithms. These algorithms were programmed using LabVIEW programming software. Experiments in detecting transparent hollow straw were conducted. Based on the results, statistical analysis was performed to verify that the captured data were valid compared with the actual object data. The object's characteristics such as diameter also are observed. In conclusion, a non-intrusive and non-invasive OPT system that can detect transparent objects in crystal clear water is successfully developed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the alignment between the Malaysian ESL reading curriculum at the Form Four level and its execution at the textbook development level as well as at the instructional implementation level. The findings of the study indicate that there are misalignments between what is proposed in the Form Four English Language Curriculum Specifications and what is proposed in the textbook and executed at the instructional level. The findings of this study have implications on ESL teacher training as well textbook development. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

A tomographic system is a method used for capturing an image of an internal object section. Optical tomography is one method which widely used in medical and industrial fields. This paper reviews several applications of Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) and introduces an application of a CCD in an optical tomography system. Most of the previous research used this component for displacement measurement and as a video camera. This paper discusses its basic principle of operation, basic construction, its criteria, application, and its advantages compared to other optoelectronic sensors available in today's market. The applications of this sensor in fields such as astronomy and medical has proved the ability and the good performance of CCD in capturing images. This sensor should widen its usage in optical tomography fields because it can give high performance in image reconstruction.

This research presents an application of Charge Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography system. These optoelectronic sensors are believed to detect solid objects rather than transparent objects. Based on the research results, the development of optical tomography system using Charge Coupled Device (CCD) and laser diode has helped to enhance the potential of these sensors in detecting high to low opacity objects. Experiments for detecting a solid rod, glass rod and transparent hollow straw in non-flowing crystal clear water were conducted in this study. Investigation on the effect of number of views also studied in this research. From the image reconstruction results, it clearly shows a cross-sectional image of a pipeline system with the existence of opaque and transparent objects in multiphase flows. For 320 views image reconstruction, it gives high resolution of image results compared to 160 views image reconstruction.

Tomography is a method that has been used for image reconstruction in the medical and engineering fields. Optical tomography is one of the various methods applied in tomography systems. This tomography method is widely used in the medical and processing industries fields because of its special characteristics, such as immunity to electrical noise and interference, high resolution and its hard field sensors. The basic principle of the optical tomography system in measuring an object is based on its wave and radiation source. This article is a review of the characteristics of light and its interaction with matter, the types of optical tomography system, the basic construction of an optical tomography system, types of optoelectronic sensors and image reconstruction.

The purpose of the present cross-linguistic study was to find out the role of vocabulary knowledge of the language of the text on reading comprehension performance when reading texts in that language. The study involved 10 participants who were students of English as a foreign language (EFL) in a Malaysian public high school selected using the random sampling. The instruments for the study were a set of reading comprehension test and a set of vocabulary test for the selected EFL grade-level reading text and a set of reading comprehension test and a set of vocabulary test for the selected grade-level reading text in the participants' native language. The tests were administered on an individual basis. Each participant was allowed to read the EFL text without time limit but to do the tests without looking back at the text within a specified duration for the reading comprehension and vocabulary tests. The same procedures were conducted for reading comprehension test and vocabulary in context test for the first language (L1) or native language text. A brief interview was conducted immediately after the participants had completed the reading comprehension and vocabulary in context tests for the EFL and L1 texts. The participants' vocabulary test and reading comprehension were scored and the test scores for the EFL text and L1 text were compared. The findings show that the participants' vocabulary test and reading comprehension test scores for the L1 text were significantly better than their scores for the EFL text. The results from the interviews indicate that the participants were lacked of vocabulary knowledge in the EFL in comparison to in their native language. The findings provide evidence that a reader's level of vocabulary knowledge is one of the elements that plays an impacting role in determining reading comprehension performance in that language. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.